Ostarine blunts the effect of endurance training on submaximal endurance in rats.

The purpose of this study is to study the effects of ostarine alone and in combination with endurance training in sexually mature, male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into a treadmill-trained group and a sedentary group. Half of each group received either ostarine or vehicle for 8 weeks (n = 10 each, in total n = 40).

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators Combined with Treadmill Exercise Have No Bone Benefit in Healthy Adult Rats.

The effects of combination treatments using the selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) ostarine (OST) or ligandrol (LIG) with treadmill exercise (TE) were studied in healthy adult rats. Fifteen-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into groups ( = 10/group). Experiment 1 consisted of (1) Control group: sedentary rats receiving vehicle; (2) OST: sedentary rats receiving OST; (3) TE: training rats receiving vehicle; (4) OST + TE: training rats receiving OST.

Effects of ligandrol as a selective androgen receptor modulator in a rat model for osteoporosis.

Introduction: The selective androgen receptor modulator ligandrol (LGD-4033 or VK5211) has been shown to improve muscle tissue. In the present study, the effect of ligandrol on bone tissue was investigated in ovariectomized rat model.

Materials And Methods: Three-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were either ovariectomized (OVX, n = 60) or left intact (NON-OVX, n = 15).

Treatment of osteoporosis using a selective androgen receptor modulator ostarine in an orchiectomized rat model.

Purpose: The selective androgen receptor modulator ostarine has been shown to have advantageous effects on skeletal tissue properties, reducing muscle wasting and improving physical function in males. However, data on effects in male osteoporosis remain limited. In this study, the effects of ostarine on osteoporotic bone were evaluated in a rat model of male osteoporosis and compared with those of testosterone treatments.

A combined treatment with selective androgen and estrogen receptor modulators prevents bone loss in orchiectomized rats.

Purpose: Enobosarm (EN), a selective androgen receptor modulator and raloxifene (RAL), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, have been shown to improve bone tissue in osteoporotic males. The present study evaluated the effects of a combination therapy of EN and RAL on bone properties in orchiectomized rats compared to the respective single treatments.

Methods: Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either left intact (Non-Orx) or orchiectomized (Orx).

Combination of selective androgen and estrogen receptor modulators in orchiectomized rats.

Purpose: Selective androgen and estrogen receptor modulators, ostarine (OST) and raloxifen (RAL), reportedly improve muscle tissue and offer therapeutic approaches to muscle maintenance in the elderly. The present study evaluated the effects of OST and RAL and their combination on musculoskeletal tissue in orchiectomized rats.

Methods: Eight-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were analyzed.

Inhibition of Lipoxygenases Showed No Benefit for the Musculoskeletal System in Estrogen Deficient Rats.

Background: In previous studies, we reported the beneficial impact of two lipoxygenase-inhibitors, Baicalein and Zileuton, on osteoporotic bone in a postmenopausal rat model. Whereas subcutaneous Baicalein predominantly improved cortical bone, Zileuton enhanced vertebral and femoral trabecular bone. In this study, we aimed to reveal whether the oral administration of Baicalein caused similar effects on bone and whether a combined administration of Baicalein and Zileuton could act synergistically to ameliorate the formerly reported effects in the musculoskeletal system.

Ostarine and Ligandrol Improve Muscle Tissue in an Ovariectomized Rat Model.

In postmenopausal women, hormonal decline changes muscle function and structure. The non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) Ostarine (OS) and Ligandrol (LG) have been shown to increase muscle mass and physical function while showing a relative low risk profile. Information about their effects on muscle structure and metabolism is lacking.

Effect of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Enobosarm on Bone Healing in a Rat Model for Aged Male Osteoporosis.

Enobosarm (ostarine, MK-2866, or GTx-024) is a non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator. This study evaluated the effect of various regimens of enobosarm (EN) on bone healing in an orchiectomized rat model for aged male osteoporosis and compared it to testosterone (T) treatment. Ninety eight-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were either orchiectomized (Orx) or left intact (Non-Orx) and divided into groups (n = 15/group): (1) Non-Orx; (2) Orx; (3) Orx+T-th; (4) Orx+EN-th; (5) Orx+T-pr; and (6) Orx+EN-pr.

Decreased Expression of the Human Urea Transporter SLC14A1 in Bone is Induced by Cytokines and Stimulates Adipogenesis of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells.

The human urea transporter SLC14A1 (HUT11/UT-B) has been suggested as a marker for the adipogenic differentiation of bone cells with a relevance for bone diseases. We investigated the function of SLC14A1 in different cells models from bone environment. SLC14A1 expression and cytokine production was investigated in bone cells obtained from patients with osteoporosis.

Chronic hyponatremia in patients with proximal femoral fractures after low energy trauma: A retrospective study in a level-1 trauma center.

Introduction: We evaluated the prevalence and influence of chronic hyponatremia in patients with low energy trauma. We also investigated the influence of medication and diseases on hyponatremia.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 314 cases of proximal femoral fracture due to low energy trauma.

The Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Ostarine Improves Bone Healing in Ovariectomized Rats.

Non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators, including ostarine, have been developed as an alternative to steroidal hormones. Ostarine has shown a beneficial effect on bone in experimental studies, but no data regarding the effect of ostarine on bone healing have yet been reported. We investigated effects of ostarine on bone healing in ovariectomized rats.

Effect of alendronate or 8-prenylnaringenin applied as a single therapy or in combination with vibration on muscle structure and bone healing in ovariectomized rats.

Bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN), phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and the whole body vibration exert a favorable effect on osteoporotic bone. However, the impact of these treatments and the combination of pharmacological therapies with biomechanical stimulation on muscle and bone has not yet been explored in detail. The effect of ALN and 8-PN and their combination with the vibration (Vib) on skeletal muscle and bone healing was investigated in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats.

Changes in Musculoskeletal System and Metabolism in Osteoporotic Rats Treated With Urocortin.

In aging population, postmenopausal osteoporosis and decline of musculoskeletal function, referred to as "frailty syndrome" lead to loss of bone and muscle, causing falls, and fall-related injuries. To limit the impact of this portentous duo, simultaneous treatment of both is needed. Urocortin (UCN) has been reported to improve osteoporotic bone properties while its effect on muscle has not been addressed yet.

Effect of the lipoxygenase inhibitor baicalein on bone tissue and bone healing in ovariectomized rats.

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the world's major medical burdens in the twenty-first century. Pharmaceutical intervention currently focusses on decelerating bone loss, but phytochemicals such as baicalein, which is a lipoxygenase inhibitor, may rescue bone loss. Studies evaluating the effect of baicalein in vivo are rare.

Effects of RANKL Knockdown by Virus-like Particle-Mediated RNAi in a Rat Model of Osteoporosis.

Rebalancing of the RANKL/OPG system seems to be an effective treatment strategy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Here, we evaluate the knockdown of RANKL by in-vivo-delivered siRNA in a rat model of osteoporosis. Virus-like-particles (VLPs) derived from polyoma JC virus were used for delivering RANKL siRNA in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Evaluation of ostarine as a selective androgen receptor modulator in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have shown beneficial effects on muscle wasting, general physical function and bone properties in male mammals. However, data on the effects of SARMs in postmenopausal osteoporotic bone are scarce. We evaluated the effects of the SARM drug ostarine on postmenopausal osteoporotic bone in a rat osteoporosis model.

IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α only in combination influence the osteoporotic phenotype in Crohn's patients via bone formation and bone resorption.

Background: Crohn´s disease (CD) is associated with a higher prevalence of osteoporosis. The pathogenesis of bone affliction remains controversial, especially if inflammatory cytokines or glucocorticoid therapy are the main contributors. In postmenopausal osteoporosis, bone resorption is induced by IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α.

The Advantages of Bilateral Osteotomy Over Unilateral Osteotomy for Osteoporotic Bone Healing.

Most models of osteoporotic bone fractures are performed unilaterally (UL). We investigated healing of tibia osteotomy performed either UL or bilaterally (BL) in ovariectomized rats. Behavior of animals and muscle structure were assessed.

Effect of Strontium Ranelate on the Muscle and Vertebrae of Ovariectomized Rats.

Osteoporosis is often accompanied by sarcopenia. The effect of strontium ranelate (SR) on muscle tissue has not been investigated sufficiently. In this study, the effect of different SR treatments on muscle was studied.

Effect of zileuton on osteoporotic bone and its healing, expression of bone, and brain genes in rats.

Estrogen deficiency and aging are associated with osteoporosis, impaired bone healing, and lower cognitive performance. Close functional and physical connections occur between bone and the central nervous system. An anti-inflammatory drug, zileuton (which is an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase), is known to have a positive effect on bone tissue repair and brain ischemia.

Effect of the lipoxygenase-inhibitors baicalein and zileuton on the vertebra in ovariectomized rats.

Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases worldwide. In osteoporosis, vertebral fractures represent a major burden. Lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors such as baicalein and zileuton may represent a promising therapeutic option owing to their antioxidative effects and suppression of various inflammatory processes in muscle and bone.

Effect of the Lipoxygenase Inhibitor Baicalein on Muscles in Ovariectomized Rats.

Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle mass accompanying osteoporosis, leads to falls and fall-related injuries. Baicalein, as a phytochemical agent, has an antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect in muscle. In this study, sixty-one female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: four groups were ovariectomized (OVX) and one control group was nonovariectomized (NON-OVX).

The Effect of Vibration Treatments Combined with Teriparatide or Strontium Ranelate on Bone Healing and Muscle in Ovariectomized Rats.

The aim of the present study was to study the effect of combined therapy of teriparatide (PTH) or strontium ranelate (SR) with whole-body vibration (WBV) on bone healing and muscle properties in an osteopenic rat model. Seventy-two rats (3 months old) were bilaterally ovariectomized (Ovx), and 12 rats were left intact (Non-Ovx). After 8 weeks, bilateral transverse osteotomy was performed at the tibia metaphysis in all rats.