Publications by authors named "Komori A"
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treatment. However, the 5-fluorouracil plus L-leucovorin and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) regimen is available in Japan as an alternative to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, but its efficacy and safety remain unclear. Hence, we aimed to evaluate patients with advanced ESCC who received FOLFOX therapy retrospectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Candida auris is an emerging fungus causing nosocomial infections and outbreaks, with many strains exhibiting multidrug resistance. This study analyzed the C. auris clinical isolates at The Jikei University School of Medicine Kashiwa Hospital from December 2019 to March 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Relationships between cancer onset, progression, and inflammation have been reported; yet, the significance of inflammatory markers before and after treatment with nanoliposomal irinotecan and fluorouracil with folic acid (NFF) is unclear.
Objectives: We aimed to (1) investigate whether worsening inflammation is associated with disease progression and whether it can be used as a biomarker by comparing inflammatory markers before and after treatment with NFF and (2) verify which is a superior biomarker.
Design: This was a preplanned analysis of a retrospective cohort of the NAPOLEON-2 study, a multicenter observational study.
The relationship between nanoliposomal irinotecan/fluorouracil/leucovorin (NFF) treatment outcomes and neutropenia in patients with pancreatic cancer has not been thoroughly examined. Thus, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data from patients with pancreatic cancer who were treated with NFF to investigate this relationship. Neutropenia was assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events across three cutoffs: A (grade 0 versus grade 1-4), B (grades 0-1 versus 2-4), and C (grades 0-2 versus 3-4).
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- The study examined the prevalence and characteristics of MSI-high tumors in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer (GC) that had not yet undergone chemotherapy.
- MSI-high GC was found in 5.6% of patients, with higher prevalence in females, individuals aged 70 and older, tumors located in the lower stomach, HER2-negative cases, and patients without liver metastases.
- Understanding these MSI-high tumors can enhance clinical practices and inform future research targeting this specific subtype of GC.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to validate anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies as a diagnostic biomarker for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) using a new ELISA Kit across multiple hospitals.
- The research involved 81 PSC patients and 358 controls, finding a strong correlation between two testing methods and demonstrating high sensitivity (82.7%) and specificity (94.4%) for diagnosing PSC.
- The presence of these autoantibodies was particularly pronounced in PSC patients without inflammatory bowel disease, highlighting their potential as a reliable biomarker for PSC.
Patients with hard-to-treat autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are defined a posteriori as those who do not show a sufficient response or are intolerant to pharmacological treatments, thus not achieving biochemical surrogate endpoints that are associated with long-term liver-related-event-free survival. The absence of a recently harmonized definition of 'complete biochemical response within 6 months (CBR≤6M)', which is defined as the normalization of serum transaminase and IgG levels below the upper limit of normal at ≤6 months after treatment initiation, is regarded as hard-to-treat AIH. The implementation of CBR≤6M, in turn, has been facilitating clinical trials, e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to test the effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy in the characterization of the degrees of physiological stress and virulence in clinical swab samples collected from patients affected by oral candidiasis. Raman experiments were conducted on a series of eight isolates, both in an as-collected state and after biofilm purification followed by 3 days of culture. The outputs were matched to optical microscopy observations and the results of conventional chromogenic medium assays.
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- This study examined how the length of CPR given before reaching the hospital affects the neurological outcomes in children who suffered cardiac arrest due to drowning.
- Researchers analyzed data from almost 1,000 cases and found that favorable neurological outcomes were rare, drastically decreasing after 33 minutes of out-of-hospital CPR.
- The findings suggest that extended CPR durations lead to poorer outcomes, indicating that emergency services may need to reconsider their decisions about how long to continue resuscitation efforts in drowning cases.
Introduction: Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) improve overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with pancreatic cancer, compared with gemcitabine (GEM). However, whether PFS is a surrogate marker of OS in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy focusing on FOLFIRINOX or GEM plus nab-paclitaxel remains unknown. We aimed to verify whether PFS can be a surrogate marker of OS in prognosis prediction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To evaluate differences in body composition at intensive care unit (ICU) admission between patients with and without ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW).
Materials And Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted at Tsukuba Memorial Hospital's mixed ICU in Japan. We included patients who could walk unassisted before admission, received rehabilitation post-admission, and survived for at least 48 h.
Candida auris is a pathogenic yeast frequently exhibiting multidrug resistance and thus warrants special attention. The prompt detection and proper identification of this organism are needed to prevent its spread in healthcare facilities. The authors of this paper had previously developed LAMPAuris, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay, for the specific detection of C.
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- This study investigates the link between rewarming durations and neurological outcomes in patients who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) with targeted temperature management (TTM) after experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
- The research is a secondary analysis of data from the Advanced Life Support Study Registry in Japan, focusing on patients with either a TTM of 34°C or below.
- Findings show that a shorter rewarming duration (<24 hours) was not significantly associated with better neurological outcomes or survival rates compared to longer durations (24 hours or >24 hours).
Background & Aims: Bepirovirsen, an antisense oligonucleotide, induces sustained reductions in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA to below the lower limit of quantification (
Methods: In this phase IIb, multicentre, open-label trial, participants on stable nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy were randomised 1:1 to bepirovirsen 300 mg once weekly (plus loading dose on Days 4 and 11) for 24 (Arm 1) or 12 (Arm 2) weeks followed by Peg-IFN 180 μg once weekly for up to 24 weeks, with up to 36 weeks follow-up.
Cryptococcosis is an important fungal infection for both humans and cats, but molecular epidemiological studies on strains isolated from cats are limited. We conducted multi-locus sequence typing analysis and antifungal susceptibility testing of 14 Cryptococcus spp. strains from domestic cats in Japan and one strain isolated from a cat in Singapore.
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- This study evaluates the effectiveness of medical cases generated by ChatGPT-4 for educational purposes, focusing on their accuracy and quality in teaching contexts.
- A survey was conducted involving 71 physicians to assess key areas such as information quality, accuracy, usefulness, and relevance of these AI-generated clinical vignettes.
- The results indicated generally satisfactory ratings for the quality and accuracy of the information, though there were varying scores for educational usefulness and difficulty of the diagnoses.
Article Synopsis
- - This study compared the effectiveness of second-line treatments for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who previously received gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP), analyzing 318 patients treated with nanoliposomal irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid (NFF), S-1, or FOLFIRINOX.
- - Results showed that the median overall survival (OS) for the NFF group was significantly better at 9.08 months compared to 4.90 months for S-1, while FOLFIRINOX had an OS of 4.77 months with no significant difference from NFF.
- - Factors like serum levels and duration
Background: Although whole blood (WB) transfusion was reported to improve survival in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock, little is known whether a higher proportion of WB is associated with an improved survival. This study aimed to evaluate the association between whole blood ratio (WBR) and the risk of mortality in trauma patients requiring massive blood transfusion.
Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study from the ACS-TQIP between 2020 and 2021.
Nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid (NFF) is a standard regimen after gemcitabine-based therapy for patients with unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancer. However, there are limited clinical data on its efficacy and safety in the real-world. We therefore initiated a retrospective and prospective observational study (NAPOLEON-2).
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- Previous studies have found both shared and population-specific genetic factors contributing to primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), with more than 20 novel susceptibility loci identified in a recent meta-analysis across different populations.
- A new genome-wide association study (GWAS) focused on the Japanese population identified the gene PTPN2 as a novel susceptibility gene for PBC, linking a specific variant (rs8098858) to the disease.
- The risk allele (rs2292758) is shown to disrupt PTPN2 expression, leading to an impaired negative feedback mechanism in immune signaling, suggesting that targeting PTPN2 could be a promising approach for PBC treatment.
Article Synopsis
- In 2020, syphilis cases dropped in several countries, but in 2021, Japan saw a significant increase (36.0%) compared to more modest increases in China (2.8%) and Australia (4.8%).
- The findings highlight a post-pandemic rise in syphilis cases in Australia and Japan, while New Zealand saw a decrease, indicating a need for continued focus on sexually transmitted infection prevention and control efforts.
Zinc deficiency occurs in a variety of diseases, including chronic liver disease (CLD). We investigated the correlation between zinc levels and biochemical and hematological tests in CLD and the effect of zinc supplementation with polaprezinc on these values. The first study (Study 1) was a retrospective observational study of 490 patients with CLD not receiving zinc supplementation, with data available from September 2009 to August 2021.
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