Immunity and Coagulation in COVID-19.

Discovered in late 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused the largest pandemic of the 21st century, claiming more than seven million lives. In most cases, the COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is relatively mild and affects only the upper respiratory tract; it most often manifests itself with fever, chills, cough, and sore throat, but also has less-common mild symptoms. In most cases, patients do not require hospitalization, and fully recover.

[Skin morphology in congenital ichthyosis (Harlequin fetus)].

The paper describes a skin morphological examination using an immunohistochemical study (Ki-67, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, and CK LMW) in a dead 4-month-old girl with congenital ichthyosis (Harlequin ichthyosis (HI)). There is impaired proliferative activity, abnormalities in epidermal differentiation with abnormal CK LMW synthesis, and those in the differentiation of the skin appendages. There are also pronounced sclerotic changes with a predominance of reticulin fibers, derma, and its vessels.

[Problem of adaptation and characteristics of the etiology of diseases in the Far North].

Extensive data covering 2086 examinees served for analysis of peripheral vascular, locomotion, neurologic disorders developing at various stages of adaptation process in workers engaged into mining in the North. Unfavorable general and local cooling resulted in overstrain of thermoregulation mechanisms, caused lower performance, difficulties in adequate occupational functioning, early formation of diseases. Association of cooling and intensive vibration with significant physical load induced neurovascular and neurodystrophic changes being a result of both local microcirculation disturbances and disordered regulation of peripheral vascular tone, higher excitability of vasoconstrictors stimulated by central mechanisms.

[Development of peripheral neurovascular disorders in miners exposed to cool microclimate].

Complete clinical and physiologic examination of 415 tunnelers exposed to intensive vibration in cooling microclimate proved that extreme functioning of thermoregulation results in shorter development, quicker progression of vibration disease and abortive types of the disease. The data obtained were helpful to base treatments and prophylaxis including special clothes, appropriate therapy.

[Comparative evaluation of prognostic models of the development of vibration disorders caused by local vibration].

The article compares the present domestic and foreign patterns of vibration disorders probability forecasting, uncovers the main causes of their difference and deals with the quest of a pattern, which is the most adequate to available empirical data. Extensive epidemiologic data on vibration morbidity helped to create a new forecasting pattern. The established dependence is expressed by an equation, a table and a plot, which enable to evaluate vibration disease risk under exposure to vibration of different levels and duration and to elucidate the safe length of service.

[Role of neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of pain syndrome in autonomic and sensory polyneuropathy of occupational etiology and their role in the therapeutic action of laser acupuncture].

Biochemical studies of opiate system in patients with occupational diseases showed the role of the central pain regulating system inducing the pain syndrome in autonomic and sensory polyneuropathy caused by occupational factors. Increased production of the pain-reducing endogenic neuropeptides such as endorphin and leucine enkephalin was found one of the He-Ne laser acting principles which restore the pain adaptation in human. A repeated course of laser therapy would normalize the content of both neuropeptides.

[The prevention of vibration disease].

Probable cooling of hands must be taken into account in setting up the prophylaxis of pathology due to the local vibration. Warm air pumped into the manual pneumatic devices can eliminate the cooling of operators' hands. The same effect is gained by the physiotherapeutic procedure--the warming and micromassage of hands by the dry air.

[Physical characteristics of vibration produced by hand-operated machines and its effect on the workers].

Clinical studies of vibration disease cases among workers dealing hand-operated equipment: cut-hammers, pneumorammers, pneumopolishers,--revealed diversified physiological influences of different equipment on human organism. The vibrational analysis performed proved that the VD clinical peculiarities were partially due to the percussive impulses' characteristics.

[Prognostication on the development of vibration disease in laborers using manual machines].

Prognosing of vibration disease (VD) is normally made both with regard to the number of the VD cases depending on the duration of work in vibration-hazardous professions, and with respect to its latent period. The results of prognosing depend to a vast extent on the methodological principles and criteria used. The data obtained from an epidemiological survey helped to determine quantitatively the interdependence between the vibration dosage and the VD latent period calculation on the average working day dosage basis.

[Clinical aspects of vibration disease caused by general vibration].

The clinico-functional examination of agricultural machine-operators, truck drivers, excavator and boring machine operators revealed that, under low-frequency general vibration, polymorphic pathologic changes occur in human organism. Those include peripheral vascular and neuritic disorders and changes in the vertebral column. The most peculiar symptoms of VD are dealt with.

[Clinical aspects of occupational pathology caused by noise and vibration].

The paper is concerned with the results of many year-old clinical studies on workers of vibration-risk and "noisy" professions. The authors consider occupational and biomedical risk factors contributing to the development of vibratory disorders and noisy cochlear neuritis, the main clinical syndromes of this occupational pathology, modern methods of their preclinical and early clinical diagnosis. The basic principles of differentiated follow-up and combined prevention as well as problems of therapy, medical labor examination and rehabilitation of patients with vibratory disease and occupational cochlear neuritis are described.