Genetic diversity of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 circulating among wild boars in the Moscow Region of Russia.

Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are widely distributed in swine herds. PCV2, the significant swine pathogen, causes infections characterized by growth and development disorders, skin lesions, and respiratory distress. PCV3 has been circulating worldwide and can be associated with various clinical signs and disease developments.

Identification and in vitro characterization of a novel porcine parvovirus 6 in Russia.

Porcine parvovirus 6 (PPV6) was first identified in aborted swine fetuses in China in 2014. Since its identification, an increased number of PPV6 cases have been reported in many countries with developed pig breeding. In this study, the first identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in Russia, its phylogenetic analysis, and its characterization in vitro are reported.

[Genetic diversity of Siberian bovine coronavirus isolates (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: )].

Introduction: Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) are causative agents of diarrhea, respiratory diseases in calves and winter cow dysentery. The study of genetic diversity of these viruses is topical issue. The purpose of the research is studying the genetic diversity of BCoV isolates circulating among dairy cattle in Siberia.

Distribution and genetic diversity of Feline calicivirus in Moscow metropolitan area.

Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is widespread throughout the world. An FCV infection is associated with conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and mouth ulcers that can lead to the animal's death. Because vaccination is not always effective, it is necessary to monitor the infection regularly.

Full-genome analysis and pathogenicity of a genetically distinct Russian PRRSV-1 Tyu16 strain.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-1 (PRRSV-1) strains from Eastern Europe have a high diversity. All three known subtypes (1, 2, 3) of PRRSV-1 have been detected in Russia. There are two different groups of viruses belonging to the subtype 1: pan-European subtype 1 strains, and insufficiently studied Russian strains.

Semaphorin-5A downregulation is associated with enhanced migration and invasion of BRAF-positive melanoma cells under vemurafenib treatment in melanomas with heterogeneous BRAF status.

Tumor heterogeneity affects the efficacy of anticancer treatment as tumor subclones with distinct molecular patterns may be present within one tumor, leading to differing sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, six melanoma tissue fragments were obtained from different parts of tumor of four patients and then the effect of vemurafenib treatment on biological characteristics and molecular processes of cell cultures was estimated by using MTT-test, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays, PCR real time. There was different BRAF status determined between cells derived from the central and peripheral regions of primary melanoma tumors.

Differences in microRNA expression between melanoma and healthy adjacent skin.

Background: The tumor microenvironment is composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, endothelial cells, immune cells, signaling molecules and extracellular matrix structures, which closelycommunicate with the tumor via multiple mechanisms. MicroRNAs are paracrine regulators that provide a direct interaction between the microenvironment and cancer cells. In the presentstudy, we aimed to identify the microRNA expression profile in melanoma compared with thatin healthy adjacent skin, with a further assessment of altered microRNA signaling pathways and target genes.

miR-204-5p and miR-3065-5p exert antitumor effects on melanoma cells.

MicroRNA (miR)-204-5p was previously identified to be downregulated in melanoma compared with melanocytic nevi. This observation prompted a functional study on miR-204-5p and the newly-identified miR-3065-5p, two miRNAs suggested to be tumor-suppressive oncomiRs. Application of miR-204-5p mimics or inhibitors resulted in a decrease or increase, respectively, in melanoma cell proliferation and colony formation.

MicroRNA in skin diseases.

MicroRNAs are essential regulators of various cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and the immune response, acting as factors for translational repression and/or degradation of target messenger RNA. Currently, microRNAs are considered as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for different pathological conditions. Skin may serve as a convenient model for microRNA modulation studies due to the comparatively easy access to targets cells.

Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of MiR-4286 Inhibition in Melanoma Cells.

Introduction: MicroRNAs are essential regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Their expression is altered in cancer tissues, and evaluation of these alterations is considered a promising tool used to diagnose and identify prognostic markers.

Materials And Methods: The microRNA expression profiles of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded melanoma and melanocytic nevi samples were estimated with a microarray and subsequently validated by real-time PCR.

Genetic analysis of melanocortin 1 receptor red hair color variants in a Russian population of Eastern Siberia.

The melanocortin 1 receptor is a Gs protein-coupled receptor implicated in melanogenesis regulation. The receptor gene is highly polymorphic, which accounts for the association of several of its single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with an increased risk of melanoma. The present study aimed to evaluate the distribution of melanocortin 1 receptor gene variants R151C, R160W, and D294H within the Russian population of Eastern Siberia and its association with melanoma development.

MICRORNAS AS ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION EFFECTS REGULATORS IN SKIN CELLS.

MicroRNAs belong to small non-coding RNA which regulate gene expression via mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. MicroRNAs are active modulators of gene expression in the skin caused by exogenous factors including ultraviolet irradiation. These effects are realized by targeting transcription factors and signaling systems components.

PROONCOGENIC EFFECTS OF INHIBITING THE microRNA miR-106A IN SKIN MELANOMA CELLS IN VITRO.

One of the regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level are miRNAs. Due to its multifunctionality, these molecules are considered as potential targets for controlling the biological behavior of tumor cells. To date, several thousand types of microRNAs have been identified and their expression profiles have shown significant during malignant transformation of cells.

[Modulation of apoptosis in mononuclear cells with different variants of polymorphism C-262T in catalase gene].

Catalase is a clue enzyme metabolizing hydrogen peroxide under conditions of oxidative stress. It is known that the C-262T polymorphism in catalase gene is implicated in higher risk of some diseases onset. In this article we have evaluated the viability of mononuclear leukocytes isolated from patients with different variants of C-262T polymorphism in catalase gene (CC, CT, TT) under conditions of hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress.

[TSPO ligand PK11195 and MAPK inhibitor UO126 modulate tspo expression level].

Translocator protein TSPO and MAPK signaling partway are important regulators of numerous cell functions including carcinogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis. We have studied MAPK inhibitor UO126 and TSPO specific ligand PK11195 effects on TSPO expression level in melanoma cells. Using immunocytochemical staining, we have detected increased expression of TSPO after incubation with PK11195 and UO126 in all concentrations.

Interaction between single nucleotide polymorphism in catalase gene and catalase activity under the conditions of oxidative stress.

Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme the activity of which is crucial for the protection against damage caused by reactive oxygen species. The -262C>T polymorphism in the promoter region of catalase gene was found to be associated with altered catalase levels. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells catalase activity was measured after H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress.