Mining Translation Inhibitors by a Unique Peptidyl-Aminonucleoside Synthetase Reveals Cystocin Biosynthesis and Self-Resistance.

Puromycin (Puro) is a natural aminonucleoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by its incorporation into elongating peptide chains. The unique mechanism of Puro finds diverse applications in molecular biology, including the selection of genetically engineered cell lines, in situ protein synthesis monitoring, and studying ribosome functions. However, the key step of Puro biosynthesis remains enigmatic.

MORE ON DEEP HEMATOMAS IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: CASE SERIES.

Background: Despite the fact that the COVID-19 epidemic has already ended, there is no clear answer to the question - what is the nature of the imbalance in the hemocoagulation system, and which phenomena prevail - thrombosis or hemorrhage? More and more new works appear describing the occurrence of deep, extensive hematomas in patients with COVID-19. However, this experience requires further discussion and understanding.

Case Description: From October 2020 to January 2021, 7 (2,1% among all hospitalized with COVID-19 in this period) patients with developed hematomas were observed at the COVID-19 hospital.

Intranasal Administration of GRP78 Protein (HSPA5) Confers Neuroprotection in a Lactacystin-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.

The accumulation of misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein can trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to apoptotic cell death in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). As the major ER chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78/BiP/HSPA5) plays a key role in UPR regulation. GRP78 overexpression can modulate the UPR, block apoptosis, and promote the survival of nigral dopamine neurons in a rat model of α-synuclein pathology.

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Durability of the Composite PLGA/CaP/Ti Scaffolds for Orthopedic Implants.

In addressing the challenge of enhancing orthopedic implants, 3D porous calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings on titanium (Ti) substrates modified with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were proposed. CaP coatings on Ti were deposited using the ultrasonic-assisted micro-arc oxidation (UMAO) method, followed by modification with PLGA through a dip coating process at concentrations of 5%, 8%, and 10%. The addition of PLGA significantly improved adhesive-cohesive strength according to the scratch test, while PLGA to CaP adhesion was found to be not less than 8.

Novel mechanism of drug resistance triggered by tumor-associated macrophages through Heat Shock Factor-1 activation.

Macrophages constitute a major part of tumor microenvironment, and most of existing data demonstrate their ruling role in the development of anti-drug resistance of cancer cell. One of the most powerful protection system is based on heat shock proteins whose synthesis is triggered by activated Heat Shock Factor-1 (HSF1); the inhibition of the HSF1 with CL-43 sensitized A549 lung cancer cells to the anti-cancer effect of etoposide. Notably, analyzing A549 tumor xenografts in mice we observed nest-like pattern of co-localization of A549 cells demonstrating enhanced expression of HSF1 with macrophages, and decided to check whether the above arrangement has a functional value for both cell types.

Age-Related COVID-19 Influence on Male Fertility.

The impact of coronavirus on the reproductive health of men attracts the special attention of many researchers. While studies suggest changes in sperm parameters and the possibility of testicular inflammation, further studies are needed to elucidate any potential age-related changes in these findings, which is the purpose of the present study. The semen quality parameters, cytokine concentration, and markers of the pro- and antioxidant system were assessed in 60 men five to seven months after the coronavirus infection and in 77 controls (without a history of coronavirus infection).

[Mortality of the Penza region population from diseases of the liver and biliary tract in 2021-2022].

A study was made of the structure of mortality of the population of the Penza region from diseases of the liver and biliary tract in 2021-2022. Data on registered deaths were analyzed, the main cause of which was non-tumor diseases of the liver and biliary tract (excluding hepatitis B, C). Statistical calculations were carried out using the STATISTICA program.

Telomere Length in Human Spermatogenic Cells as a New Potential Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in ART Treatment with Intracytoplasmic Injection of Testicular Spermatozoa.

Predicting the clinical outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles that use the testicular spermatozoa of azoospermic patients presents a challenge. Thus, the development of additional approaches to assessing the competence of a testicular-sperm-derived embryo without causing damage to gametes or the embryo is necessary. One of the key parameters in determining such developmental competence is telomere length (TL).

Potential of Plant Exosome Vesicles from Grapefruit () and Tomato () Juices as Functional Ingredients and Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles.

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) have gained attention as promising bioactive nutraceutical molecules; their presence in common fruit juices has increased their significance because human interaction is inevitable. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of PEVs derived from grapefruit and tomato juices as functional ingredients, antioxidant compounds, and delivery vehicles. PEVs were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation and were found to be similar in size and morphology to mammalian exosomes.

Impact of Antithyroperoxidase Antibodies (Anti-TPO) on Ovarian Reserve and Early Embryo Development in Assisted Reproductive Technology Cycles.

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most common endocrinopathies and is more prevalent in women. It becomes evident that the circulating antithyroid antibodies that often follow AITD have effects on many tissues, including ovaries, and therefore that this common morbidity might have an impact on female fertility, the investigation of which is the aim of the present research. Ovarian reserve, ovarian response to stimulation and early embryo development in infertile patients with thyroid autoimmunity were assessed in 45 women with thyroid autoimmunity and 45 age-matched control patients undergoing infertility treatment.

Flow-Seq Method: Features and Application in Bacterial Translation Studies.

The Flow-seq method is based on using reporter construct libraries, where a certain element regulating the gene expression of fluorescent reporter proteins is represented in many thousands of variants. Reporter construct libraries are introduced into cells, sorted according to their fluorescence level, and then subjected to next-generation sequencing. Therefore, it turns out to be possible to identify patterns that determine the expression efficiency, based on tens and hundreds of thousands of reporter constructs in one experiment.

Flow-Seq Evaluation of Translation Driven by a Set of Natural 5'-UTR of Variable Length.

Flow-seq is a method that combines fluorescently activated cell sorting and next-generation sequencing to deduce a large amount of data about translation efficiency from a single experiment. Here, we constructed a library of fluorescent protein-based reporters preceded by a set of 648 natural 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) of genes. Usually, Flow-seq libraries are constructed using uniform-length sequence elements, in contrast to natural situations, where functional elements are of heterogenous lengths.

Oxidative Stress Markers and Sperm DNA Fragmentation in Men Recovered from COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 negatively affects semen characteristics, impairs various biochemical processes in seminal fluid and within spermatogenic cells ultimately leading to male fertility decline. However, the distinct mechanisms, in particular, the role of oxidative stress on the consequences of coronavirus infection, have not been well investigated, which is the purpose of the present study. The standard semen parameters, its pro- and antioxidant system state, as well as the level of sperm DNA fragmentation, were assessed in 17 semen samples of men five months after the coronavirus infection and in 22 age-matched control patients.

Combined Cytotoxic Effect of Inhibitors of Proteostasis on Human Colon Cancer Cells.

Despite significant progress in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, drug resistance continues to be a major limitation of therapy. In this regard, studies aimed at creating combination therapy are gaining popularity. One of the most promising adjuvants are inhibitors of the proteostasis system, chaperone machinery, and autophagy.

UMAOH Calcium Phosphate Coatings Designed for Drug Delivery: Vancomycin, 5-Fluorouracil, Interferon α-2b Case.

Drug delivery systems based on calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings have been recently recognized as beneficial drug delivery systems in complex cases of bone diseases for admission of drugs in the localized area, simultaneously inducing osteoinduction because of the bioavailable Ca and P ions. However, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) deposition of CaP does not allow for the formation of a coating with sufficient interconnected porosity for drug delivery purposes. Here, we report on the method to deposit CaP-based coatings using a new hybrid ultrasound-assisted MAO (UMAOH) method for deposition of coatings for drug delivery that could carry various types of drugs, such as cytostatic, antibacterial, or immunomodulatory compositions.

Frostbite of the upper extremities: Hot issues in diagnosis and surgical treatment (review).

Background: Frostbite is a severe thermal injury, which characterized by tissue necrosis with a high percentage of amputations, disability of patients.

Methods: According to the databases Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, E-library down to 2001-2021 the search for works related to the problem of diagnosis, treatment of frostbite of the upper extremities was made. Actual possibilities of diagnostics, the questions of classification, treatment of frostbite, including the features of plastic surgery operations used to close hand defects after excision of necrotic tissues have been analyzed.

Mycobacterium abscessus drug discovery using machine learning.

The prevalence of infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria is increasing, having surpassed tuberculosis in the United States and much of the developed world. Nontuberculous mycobacteria occur naturally in the environment and are a significant problem for patients with underlying lung diseases such as bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis. Current treatment regimens are lengthy, complicated, toxic and they are often unsuccessful as seen by disease recurrence.

IVF protocol efficacy in women with expected suboptimal response depending on ovary stimulation mode.

Investigation Objective: IVF protocol efficacy estimation in women with expected suboptimal response depending on ovary stimulation mode.

Materials And Technique: A randomized controlled study embracing results of 51 IVF cycle in women with ovary suboptimal response. The suboptimal response prognostic analysis was performed basing on ≤9 oocyte cumulus complexes obtained in previous IVF programs, the presence of no less than 5-9 antral follicles in both oocytes and amount of anti-Mullerian Hormone ≥0,8 ng/mL.

Hsp70-containing extracellular vesicles are capable of activating of adaptive immunity in models of mouse melanoma and colon carcinoma.

The release of Hsp70 chaperone from tumor cells is found to trigger the full-scale anti-cancer immune response. Such release and the proper immune reaction can be induced by the delivery of recombinant Hsp70 to a tumor and we sought to explore how the endogenous Hsp70 can be transported to extracellular space leading to the burst of anti-cancer activity. Hsp70 transport mechanisms were studied by analyzing its intracellular tracks with Rab proteins as well as by using specific inhibitors of membrane domains.

[The problems of organization of medical care of crews of passenger ships in the system of inner water transport of the Russian Federation].

The purpose of the study was to analyze organization of medical care of crews of passenger ships of inner water transport of the Russian Federation and to examine morbidity according to appeal for medical care of the crew during navigation. The analysis of organization of medical care in inner water transport covered the corresponding normative legal base of the late 1980s to present times. The search and analysis of available publications concerning issues of organization and provision of medical care to passenger river transport crews during and out of navigation was carried out.

[Purulent iliopsoitis: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical treatment].

Purulent iliopsoitis is a quite rare and difficult disease regarding diagnosis and treatment. However, treatment outcomes are not so favorable, incidence of sepsis and mortality are still extremely high. Original up-to-date studies devoted to this issue were analyzed.

Amorphous-Crystalline Calcium Phosphate Coating Promotes In Vitro Growth of Tumor-Derived Jurkat T Cells Activated by Anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 Antibodies.

A modern trend in traumatology, orthopedics, and implantology is the development of materials and coatings with an amorphous-crystalline structure that exhibits excellent biocopatibility. The structure and physico-chemical and biological properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings deposited on Ti plates using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method under different voltages (200, 250, and 300 V) were studied. Amorphous, nanocrystalline, and microcrystalline statesof CaHPO and β-CaPO were observed in the coatings using TEM and XRD.

Prevention of High Glucose-Mediated EMT by Inhibition of Hsp70 Chaperone.

Hyperglycemia may contribute to the progression of carcinomas by triggering epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Some proteostasis systems are involved in metastasis; in this paper, we sought to explore the mechanism of Hsp70 chaperone in EMT. We showed that knockdown of Hsp70 reduced cell migration capacity concomitantly with levels of mRNA of the Slug, Snail, and Twist markers of EMT, in colon cancer cells incubated in high glucose medium.