Global research alliance in infectious disease: a collaborative effort to combat infectious diseases through dissemination of portable sequencing.

Objective: To disseminate the portable sequencer MinION in developing countries for the main purpose of battling infectious diseases, we found a consortium called Global Research Alliance in Infectious Diseases (GRAID). By holding and inviting researchers both from developed and developing countries, we aim to train the participants with MinION's operations and foster a collaboration in infectious diseases researches. As a real-life example in which resources are limited, we describe here a result from a training course, a metagenomics analysis from two blood samples collected from a routine cattle surveillance in Kulan Progo District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia in 2019.

Insecticidal and Histopathological Effects of Weed Extracts against Dengue Vector, .

Crude extracts and essential oils of were tested with larva and adult stages of mosquitoes to determine their insecticidal properties. The crude extracts and essential oils came from three varieties of (with white flowers, purple flowers, or white-purple flowers) and from two places on each plant (leaves and flowers), giving six types overall: leaf-white (LW); leaf-purple (LP); leaf white-purple (LW-P); flower-white (FW); flower-purple (FP); and flower white-purple (FW-P). Chemical constituents and components of the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides extracts against Giardia duodenalis trophozoites: an experimental study.

Background: Giardia duodenalis causes giardiasis in humans, particularly in developing countries. Despite the availability of treatments, resistance to some of the commercial anti-Giardia drugs has been reported in addition to their harmful side effects. Therefore, novel treatments for giardiasis are required.

Larvicidal and adulticidal activities of castor oil against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti.

Plants contain numerous bioactive compounds that can be used to develop environmentally-safe insect control agents. Castor oil is a vegetable oil derived from the seeds of castor bean and is widely used as an industrial lubricant and medicinal purgative. In search of an alternative natural insecticide, the objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal and adulticidal activities of castor oil against the important dengue vector, Ae.

Adulticide efficacy of essential oil from Piper retrofractum Vahl against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus.

Essential oil was extracted from the fresh fruit of Piper retrofractum Vahl by water distillation method. The yield of extraction was estimated at 0.125%.

Field-collected permethrin-resistant Aedes aegypti from central Thailand contain point mutations in the domain IIS6 of the sodium channel gene (KDR).

One of the mechanisms responsible for pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes is mutations in domain IIS6 of voltage-gated sodium channel gene (kdr). Aedes aegypti larvae were collected from the central provinces of Thailand (Bangkok, Prachin Buri and Ratchaburi) and colonized until they became adults. Partial fragment of kdr of permethrin-resistant mosquitoes were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced.

Efficacy of three insecticides against Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus, the major malaria vectors, in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.

We conducted this study to determine the insecticide susceptibility of two malaria vectors, Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus from Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. The mosquitoes were collected and reared under laboratory conditions. The test was carried out on unfed F-1 female mosquitoes using a standard WHO testing protocol.

Dengue-2 virus carrying capacity of Thai Aedes aegypti strains with different susceptibility to deltamethrin.

Deltamethrin-resistant Aedes aegypti currently threatens the effectiveness of dengue hemorrhagic fever control operations in Thailand. Although a previous study has suggested that insecticide resistance may increase Ae. aegypti susceptibility to dengue-2 virus infection, our experimental data showed no significant association between laboratory-induced deltamethrin-resistance in a Thai Ae.

Insecticide susceptibility of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (L.) in Metropolitan Bangkok.

Mosquito larvae were collected from the houses of dengue infected patients in Bangkok, Thailand from 55 sites (36 out of the 50 districts of Metropolitan Bangkok). Aedes aegypti larvae were tested against temephos using WHO bioassay techniques. Adult mosquitoes were tested for susceptibility to permethrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, malathion and DDT using WHO diagnostic doses.

Competitive suppression between chikungunya and dengue virus in Aedes albopictus c6/36 cell line.

Aedes albopictus C6/36 cell line was used to evaluate dengue virus serotype-3 (DENV-3) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) co-infection. Virus infection was determined using a one-step duplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (D- RT-PCR). D-RT-PCR was positive for both viruses when equal multiplicity of infection (MOI) was utilized.

Investigations on the role of a lysozyme from the malaria vector Anopheles dirus during malaria parasite development.

A cDNA encoding a lysozyme was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR) from females of the malaria vector Anopheles dirus A (Diptera: Culicidae). The 623 bp lysozyme (AdLys c-1) cDNA encodes the 120 amino acid mature protein with a predicted molecular mass of 13.4 kDa and theoretical pI of 8.

Antioxidative systems defense against oxidative stress induced by blood meal in Aedes aegypti.

The release of iron from hemoglobin via the digestion of a blood meal in female mosquitoes can potentially induce oxidative damage and even death. These mosquitoes need an effective antioxidant to prevent this. We carried out this study to determine the antioxidant activities of ferritin, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase, and glutathione (GSH).

Comparative identification of protein profiles and major allergens of saliva, salivary gland and whole body extracts of mosquito species in Thailand.

Allergic reactions to mosquito bites, such as generalized urticaria or severe local reactions are common problems worldwide. The diverse sources of allergen prepared from different mosquito body parts usage are a major obstacle to obtaining safe and effective tests and immunotherapy for mosquito bite allergy. Thus, the reactions are often not recognized and allergen immunotherapy is seldom used for severe reaction to mosquito bites.

Bionomic status of Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach, a coastal malaria vector, in Rayong Province, Thailand.

A longitudinal entomological survey was conducted to provide in-depth information on An. epiroticus and determine whether ecological and entomological factors could influence malaria transmission in Rayong Province, Thailand. The mosquitoes were collected monthly from May 2007 to April 2008 by human landing catch technique from 6:00-12:00 PM for 2 consecutive nights, at 3 collection sites.

Intramolecular integration assay validates integrase phi C31 and R4 potential in a variety of insect cells.

Phage phi C31 and R4 integrases are site-specific and unidirectional serine recombinases. We have analyzed the ability of these integrases to mediate intramolecular integration between their attB and attP sites in 7 important insect cell lines as a means of predicting their relative mobility in the corresponding insect species. Both integrases exhibit significantly higher frequencies in Drosophila S2 cells than in the other insect cell lines examined, but do work well in all of the species tested.

Residual effect of 10% bifenthrin wp on mosquitoes, and community acceptance, in eastern Thailand.

This study was conducted from May to October 2008 in two villages in Chanthaburi Province: village No. 2 Tup Sai Canton (control) and village No.12 Pong Nam Ron (treatment area).

Climate associated size and shape changes in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Thailand.

In spite of the adult body size variability of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and its likely association with life history and vectorial capacity, the causes of size variation itself have been only partially identified. In particular, possible important factors such as climatic variation have not received much attention. The objective of this 2-year study was to describe from field collections the relationship of Ae.

Effective suppression of Dengue fever virus in mosquito cell cultures using retroviral transduction of hammerhead ribozymes targeting the viral genome.

Outbreaks of Dengue impose a heavy economic burden on developing countries in terms of vector control and human morbidity. Effective vaccines against all four serotypes of Dengue are in development, but population replacement with transgenic vectors unable to transmit the virus might ultimately prove to be an effective approach to disease suppression, or even eradication. A key element of the refractory transgenic vector approach is the development of transgenes that effectively prohibit viral transmission.

Residual effects of Mossmann 100 (permethrin 10% EC) impregnated bed nets and its impact on malaria vectors and incidence of malaria.

The objective of this field trial was to assess the residual effectiveness of permethrin 10% treated mosquito nets on malaria control compared with untreated nets. The study was carried out between July and December 2007 in the Pong Nam Ron District of Chantaburi Province, Thailand. Mosquito population densities were assessed using the landing catch method.

Novel virus discovery in field-collected mosquito larvae using an improved system for rapid determination of viral RNA sequences (RDV ver4.0).

In this study, we improved a method for rapid determination of viral RNA sequences (RDV) to overcome the limitations of previous versions. The RDV ver4.0 method can detect RNA sequences with at least 1,000 copies as starting material.

Repellent activity of essential oils against cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattidae, Blattellidae, and Blaberidae) in Thailand.

Seven commercial essential oils extracted from the plant species Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf., Citrus hystrix DC.

Rapid determination of viral RNA sequences in mosquitoes collected in the field.

A method for rapid determination of viral RNA sequences (RDV) was applied to homogenates of Aedes aegypti collected in Thailand in an area in which dengue fever (dengue hemorrhagic fever) is endemic, using the mosquito cell line C6/36. Nucleic acid sequences of dengue virus type 4 and cell fusing agent virus were detected. This RDV method has the potential to become a standard method for detection of both known and newly emerging, unknown mosquito-borne viruses.

Bioactivity of citrus seed for mosquito-borne diseases larval control.

This study aimed to determine the activity of citrus-seed extract against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae.

Insecticide susceptibility of mosquitoes invading tsunami-affected areas of Thailand.

In order to control the mosquitoes invading tsunami-affected areas of Thailand, the insecticide susceptibility status of field larvae and mosquitoes (Anopheles sundaicus and Culex sitiens) was tested under laboratory conditions. Larval bioassay tests were conducted using the WHO standard method. Three larvicides: temephos, malathion, and plant extract (ethanolic extract of the Southeast Asian long pepper.

Repellency of essential oils extracted from plants in Thailand against four mosquito vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) and oviposition deterrent effects against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

In this study we evaluated and reported repellent effects of essential oils from Thai plants against 4 mosquito vectors: Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles. dirus and Culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions using human volunteers.