Effectiveness of direct patient outreach with a narrative naloxone and overdose prevention video to patients prescribed long-term opioid therapy in the USA: the Naloxone Navigator randomised clinical trial.

Introduction: Public health efforts to reduce opioid overdose fatalities include educating people at risk and expanding access to naloxone, a medication that reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression. People receiving long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) are at increased risk for overdose, yet naloxone uptake in this population remains low. The objective of this study was to determine if a targeted, digital health intervention changed patient risk behavior, increased naloxone uptake, and increased knowledge about opioid overdose prevention and naloxone.

Association of chronic opioid therapy and opioid use disorder with COVID-19-related hospitalization and mortality: Evidence from three health systems in the United States.

Objective: Chronic opioid use can lead to detrimental effects on the immune and various organ systems that put individuals prescribed chronic opioid therapy (COT) for pain and those with an opioid use disorder (OUD) at risk for severe COVID-19 disease. We assessed the association of COT and OUD with COVID-19-related hospitalization and death to inform targeted interventions to improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients who use opioids.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults ages ≥ 18 with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020 and 2021 from three US health systems.

Assessing the association between antibody status and symptoms of long COVID: A multisite study.

The association between SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (long COVID) remains uncertain. The objective of this population-based cohort study was to assess the association between SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and symptoms consistent with long COVID. English and Spanish-speaking members ≥ 18 years old with SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing conducted prior to August 2021 were recruited from Kaiser Permanente Southern California and Kaiser Permanente Colorado.

Association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody status and reinfection: A case-control study nested in a Colorado-based prospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: The association between the presence of detectable antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is not well established. The objective of this study was to determine the association between antibody seronegativity and reinfection.

Methods: Participants in Colorado, USA, were recruited between June 15, 2020, and March 28, 2021, and encouraged to complete SARS-CoV-2 molecular ribonucleic acid (RNA) and serology testing for antibodies every 28 days for 10 months.

An individual segmented trajectory approach for identifying opioid use patterns using longitudinal dispensing data.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to use electronic opioid dispensing data to develop an individual segmented trajectory approach for identifying opioid use patterns. The resulting opioid use patterns can be used for examining the association between opioid use and drug overdose.

Methods: We retrospectively assembled a cohort of members on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2019 who were 18 years and older and enrolled in one of three health care systems in the US.

Association Between Opioid Dose Reduction Rates and Overdose Among Patients Prescribed Long-Term Opioid Therapy.

Background: Tapering long-term opioid therapy is an increasingly common practice, yet rapid opioid dose reductions may increase the risk of overdose. The objective of this study was to compare overdose risk following opioid dose reduction rates of ≤10%, 11% to 20%, 21% to 30%, and >30% per month to stable dosing.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in three health systems in Colorado and Wisconsin.

Opioid Overdose Risk Following Hospital Discharge Among Individuals Prescribed Long-Term Opioid Therapy: a Risk Interval Analysis.

Background: Individuals prescribed long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) have increased risk of readmission and death after hospital discharge. The risk of opioid overdose during the immediate post-discharge time period is unknown.

Objective: To examine the association between time since hospital discharge and opioid overdose among individuals prescribed LTOT.

Naloxone Co-Dispensing with Opioids: a Cluster Randomized Pragmatic Trial.

Background: Although naloxone prevents opioid overdose deaths, few patients prescribed opioids receive naloxone, limiting its effectiveness in real-world settings. Barriers to naloxone prescribing include concerns that naloxone could increase risk behavior and limited time to provide necessary patient education.

Objective: To determine whether pharmacy-based naloxone co-dispensing affected opioid risk behavior.

Addressing logistical barriers to childhood vaccination using an automated reminder system and online resource intervention: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: As the rates of vaccination decline in children with logistical barriers to vaccination, new strategies to increase vaccination are needed. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the Vaccines For Babies (VFB) intervention, an automated reminder system with online resources to address logistical barriers to vaccination in caregivers of children enrolled in an integrated healthcare system. Effectiveness was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.

Web-Based Tailored Messaging to Increase Vaccination: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: To increase vaccine acceptance, we created a Web-based the "Vaccines and Your Baby" intervention (VAYB) that provided new parents with vaccine information messages tailored to vaccine beliefs and values. We evaluated the effectiveness of the VAYB by comparing timely uptake of infant vaccines to an untailored version of the intervention (UT) or usual care intervention (UC) only.

Methods: Between April 2016 and June 2019, we conducted a randomized clinical trial.

The Association between Opioid Discontinuation and Heroin Use: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: Opioid prescribing guidelines recommend reducing or discontinuing opioids for chronic pain if harms of opioid treatment outweigh benefits. As opioid discontinuation becomes more prevalent, it is important to understand whether opioid discontinuation is associated with heroin use. In this study, we sought to assess the association between opioid discontinuation and heroin use documented in the medical record.

Association of Opioids Prescribed to Family Members With Opioid Overdose Among Adolescents and Young Adults.

Importance: Family members are cited as a common source of prescription opioids used for nonmedical reasons. However, the overdose risk associated with exposure to opioids prescribed to family members among adolescents and young adults is not well established.

Objective: To assess the association of opioids prescribed to family members with pharmaceutical opioid overdose among youth.

A Values-Tailored Web-Based Intervention for New Mothers to Increase Infant Vaccine Uptake: Development and Qualitative Study.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy among parents leads to childhood undervaccination and outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease. As the reasons for vaccine hesitancy are diverse, there is often not enough time during regular clinical visits for medical providers to adequately address all the concerns that parents have. Providing individually tailored vaccine information via the internet before a clinical visit may be a good mechanism for effectively allaying parents' vaccination concerns while also being time efficient.

Order of Live and Inactivated Vaccines and Risk of Non-vaccine-targeted Infections in US Children 11-23 Months of Age.

Background: Some findings from observational studies have suggested that recent receipt of live vaccines may be associated with decreased non-vaccine-targeted infection risk and mortality. Our objective was to estimate risk of non-vaccine-targeted infections based on most recent vaccine type (live vaccines only, inactivated vaccines only or both concurrently) received in US children 11-23 months of age.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study within the Vaccine Safety Datalink.

Efficacy of a Web-Based Intervention to Increase Uptake of Maternal Vaccines: An RCT.

Introduction: Tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) and influenza vaccines are recommended for pregnant women in each pregnancy, yet uptake is suboptimal. This study tested the efficacy of an online vaccine resource in increasing uptake of Tdap and influenza vaccines among pregnant women.

Study Design: RCT.

Addressing personal parental values in decisions about childhood vaccination: Measure development.

Objective: Evidence-based strategies to address vaccine hesitancy are lacking. Personal values are a measurable psychological construct that could be used to deliver personalized messages to influence vaccine hesitancy and behavior. Our objectives were to develop a valid, reliable self-report survey instrument to measure vaccine values based on the Schwartz theory of basic human values, and to test the hypothesis that vaccine values are distinct from vaccine attitudes and are related to vaccine hesitancy and behavior.

'Reducing Delays In Vaccination' (REDIVAC) trial: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a web-based, individually tailored, educational intervention to improve timeliness of infant vaccination.

Introduction: Increasing numbers of children are failing to receive many recommended vaccines, which has led to significant outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases in the USA and worldwide. A major driver of undervaccination is parental vaccine hesitance. Prior research demonstrates that mothers are the primary decision maker for infant vaccination, and that their vaccination attitudes form primarily during pregnancy and early in their infant's life.

Association Between Opioid Dose Variability and Opioid Overdose Among Adults Prescribed Long-term Opioid Therapy.

Importance: Attempts to discontinue opioid therapy to reduce the risk of overdose and adhere to prescribing guidelines may lead patients to be exposed to variability in opioid dosing. Such dose variability may increase the risk of opioid overdose even if therapy discontinuation is associated with a reduction in risk.

Objective: To examine the association between opioid dose variability and opioid overdose.

Development and evaluation of a standardized research definition for opioid overdose outcomes.

: Increasing epidemiologic and intervention research is being conducted on opioid overdose, a serious and potentially fatal outcome. However, there is little consensus on how to verify opioid overdose outcomes for research purposes. To ensure reproducibility, minimize misclassification, and permit data harmonization across studies, standardized and consistent overdose definitions are needed.

Social Media Vaccine Websites: A Comparative Analysis of Public and Moderated Websites.

The internet is an important source of vaccine information for parents. We evaluated and compared the interactive content on an expert moderated vaccine social media (VSM) website developed for parents of children 24 months of age or younger and enrolled in a health care system to a random sample of interactions extracted from publicly available parenting and vaccine-focused blogs and discussion forums. The study observation period was September 2013 through July 2016.