β-Amyloids and Immune Responses Associated with Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with the accumulation of β-amyloids (Aβs) and the formation of Aβ plaques in the brain. Various structural forms and isoforms of Aβs that have variable propensities for oligomerization and toxicity and may differentially affect the development of AD have been identified. In addition, there is evidence that β-amyloids are engaged in complex interactions with the innate and adaptive immune systems, both of which may also play a role in the regulation of AD onset and progression.

Myosin Vb Traffics P-Glycoprotein to the Apical Membrane of Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

Background & Aims: The xenobiotic efflux pump P-glycoprotein is highly expressed on the apical membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, where it regulates the levels of intracellular substrates. P-glycoprotein is altered in disease, but the mechanisms that regulate the levels of P-glycoprotein are still being explored. The molecular motor myosin Vb (Myo5b) traffics diverse cargo to the apical membrane of intestinal epithelial cells.

New Biodegradable Copolymers Based on Betulin and Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Derivatives.

In this study, we propose an approach to the synthesis of new biodegradable polymer materials based on renewable raw feedstock (betulin) and derivatives of hydroxycarboxylic acids using a catalyst/catalytic system (γ-AlO, γ-AlO/TBHP) that is safe for health and the environment. The resulting polymers are linear thermoplastic polymers that undergo collapse upon melting in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Moreover, these polymers demonstrate non-toxicity towards a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Multilayer coatings based on gold nanoparticles and polymers with bovine serum albumin as a functional layer for the chiral separation in capillary electrochromatography.

In this study, we developed physically adsorbed multi-layer coatings using poly-l-lysine or poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and gold nanoparticles, which were functionalized with bovine serum albumin for the chiral separation in electrochromatography. The approach involves sequentially depositing positively charged polymers and negatively charged citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles. By repeating this modification cycle, we created two- and four-layer coatings, which were sequentially functionalized with albumin forming three- and five-layer coatings that were finally applied for the separation of enantiomers of dl-tryptophan.

Patient-derived enteroids provide a platform for the development of therapeutic approaches in microvillus inclusion disease.

Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID), caused by loss-of-function mutations in the motor protein myosin Vb (MYO5B), is a severe infantile disease characterized by diarrhea, malabsorption, and acid/base instability, requiring intensive parenteral support for nutritional and fluid management. Human patient-derived enteroids represent a model for investigation of monogenic epithelial disorders but are a rare resource from MVID patients. We developed human enteroids with different loss-of function MYO5B variants and showed that they recapitulated the structural changes found in native MVID enterocytes.

Therapy Development for Microvillus Inclusion Disease using Patient-derived Enteroids.

Unlabelled: Microvillus Inclusion Disease (MVID), caused by loss-of-function mutations in the motor protein Myosin Vb (MYO5B), is a severe infantile disease characterized by diarrhea, malabsorption, and acid-base instability, requiring intensive parenteral support for nutritional and fluid management. Human patient-derived enteroids represent a model for investigation of monogenic epithelial disorders but are a rare resource from MVID patients. We developed human enteroids with different loss-of function MYO5B variants and showed that they recapitulated the structural changes found in native MVID enterocytes.

Current Role of Modern Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Investigation of Biomarkers of Endometriosis.

Endometriosis has a wide range of clinical manifestations, and the disease course is unpredictable, making the diagnosis a challenging task. Despite significant advances in the pathophysiology of endometriosis and various proposed theories, the exact etiology is not fully understood and is still unknown. The most commonly used biomarker of endometriosis is CA-125, however, it is nonspecific and is applied for cancers diagnosis.

Development of a capillary electrophoretic method for determination of ketorolac enantiomers in human plasma using cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative as a chiral selector.

A novel approach for the separation of ketorolac enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis is presented. A cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative based on imidazole was synthesized and used as a chiral selector in the background electrolyte. The influence of pH and ionic strength of background electrolyte, as well as cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative concentration on the resolution of ketorolac enantiomers, was investigated.

The Effect of Sibunit Carbon Surface Modification with Diazonium Tosylate Salts of Pd and Pd-Au Catalysts on Furfural Hydrogenation.

Herein, we investigated the effect of the support modification (Sibunit carbon) with diazonium salts of Pd and Pd-Au catalysts on furfural hydrogenation under 5 bars of H and 50 °C. To this end, the surface of Sibunit (Cp) was modified with butyl (Cp-Butyl), carboxyl (Cp-COOH) and amino groups (Cp-NH) using corresponding diazonium salts. The catalysts were synthesized by the sol immobilization method.

Calculation and application of a safe range of load on the limb in patients after osteosynthesis of the femoral neck.

Background: Fractures of the femoral neck occupy a leading place in the total injury rate in the Russian Federation. Despite significant advances in the field of osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures, there is still a high percentage of unsatisfactory treatment outcomes, including the cases when functional load is applied in the early activation of patients. Therefore, it is very important to find ways to dose the load on the operated limb in the postoperative period in patients with fractures of the femoral neck.

Efficient Synthesis of WB-WB Powders with Selectivity for WB Content.

We proposed an efficient method toward the synthesis of higher tungsten boride WB in the vacuumless direct current atmospheric arc discharge plasma. The crystal structure of the synthesized samples of boron-rich tungsten boride was determined using computational techniques, showing a two-phase system. The ab initio calculations of the energies of various structures with similar X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns allowed us to determine the composition of the formed higher tungsten boride.

Supported Silver Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Liquid-Phase Betulin Oxidation.

Herein, it has been shown that betulin can be transformed into its biologically active oxo-derivatives (betulone, betulinic and betulonic aldehydes) by liquid-phase oxidation over supported silver catalysts under mild conditions. In order to identify the main factors determining the catalytic behavior of nanosilver catalysts in betulin oxidation, silver was deposited on various alumina supports (γ-alumina and boehmite) using deposition-precipitation with NaOH and incipient wetness impregnation methods, followed by treatment in H or O. Silver catalysts and the corresponding supports were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Effect of Gold Electronic State on the Catalytic Performance of Nano Gold Catalysts in -Octanol Oxidation.

This study aims to identify the role of the various electronic states of gold in the catalytic behavior of Au/MO/TiO (where MO are FeO or MgO) for the liquid phase oxidation of -octanol, under mild conditions. For this purpose, Au/MO/TiO catalysts were prepared by deposition-precipitation with urea, varying the gold content (0.5 or 4 wt.

Editing Myosin VB Gene to Create Porcine Model of Microvillus Inclusion Disease, With Microvillus-Lined Inclusions and Alterations in Sodium Transporters.

Background & Aims: Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is caused by inactivating mutations in the myosin VB gene (MYO5B). MVID is a complex disorder characterized by chronic, watery, life-threatening diarrhea that usually begins in the first hours to days of life. We developed a large animal model of MVID to better understand its pathophysiology.

Supported Gold Nanoparticles as Catalysts in Peroxidative and Aerobic Oxidation of 1-Phenylethanol under Mild Conditions.

The efficiency of Au/TiO based catalysts in 1-phenylethanol oxidation was investigated. The role of support modifiers (LaO or CeO), influence of gold loading (0.5% or 4%) and redox pretreatment atmosphere, catalyst recyclability, effect of oxidant: -butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) or O, as well as the optimization of experimental parameters of the reaction conditions in the oxidation of this alcohol were studied and compared with previous studies on 1-octanol oxidation.

Imidazolium ionic liquids as dynamic and covalent modifiers of electrophoretic systems for determination of catecholamines.

The subject of this study is comparison of imidazolium based dynamic and covalent coatings of the quartz capillary wall on the example of catecholamines determination. A way of synthesis of covalent coatings was proposed. For the first time different type of on-line sample preconcentration techniques (field-amplified sample stacking (FASS), head-column field amplified sample stacking (HC FASS), electrostacking, sweeping) were performed for catecholamines determination in N-alkylsubstituted imidazolium coated capillary.

The C-terminal region of A-kinase anchor protein 350 (AKAP350A) enables formation of microtubule-nucleation centers and interacts with pericentriolar proteins.

Microtubules in animal cells assemble (nucleate) from both the centrosome and the cis-Golgi cisternae. A-kinase anchor protein 350 kDa (AKAP350A, also called AKAP450/CG-NAP/AKAP9) is a large scaffolding protein located at both the centrosome and Golgi apparatus. Previous findings have suggested that AKAP350 is important for microtubule dynamics at both locations, but how this scaffolding protein assembles microtubule nucleation machinery is unclear.

Identification of Subnanometric Ag Species, Their Interaction with Supports and Role in Catalytic CO Oxidation.

The nature and size of the real active species of nanoparticulated metal supported catalysts is still an unresolved question. The technique of choice to measure particle sizes at the nanoscale, HRTEM, has a practical limit of 1 nm. This work is aimed to identify the catalytic role of subnanometer species and methods to detect and characterize them.

Causes of Activation and Deactivation of Modified Nanogold Catalysts during Prolonged Storage and Redox Treatments.

The catalytic properties of modified Au/TiO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation are affected by deactivation and reactivation after long-term storage and by redox treatments. The effect of these phenomena on the catalysts was studied by HRTEM, BET, SEM, FTIR CO, XPS and H₂ TPR methods. The main cause for the deactivation and reactivation of catalytic properties is the variation in the electronic state of the supported gold, mainly, the proportion of singly charged ions Au⁺.

AKAP350C targets to mitochondria via a novel amphipathic alpha helical domain.

Mitochondria regulate metabolism and homeostasis within cells. Mitochondria are also very dynamic organelles, constantly undergoing fission and fusion. The importance of maintaining proper mitochondrial dynamics is evident in the various diseases associated with defects in these processes.

[Isolation of Shewanella algae from pleural exudate of patient with pneumonia].

Aim: Clinical-microbiological description of the first case in Russia of isolation of S. algae bacteria from clinical material.

Materials And Methods: Patient P.

Darinaparsin is a multivalent chemotherapeutic which induces incomplete stress response with disruption of microtubules and Shh signaling.

Chemotherapeutics and other pharmaceuticals are common sources of cellular stress. Darinaparsin (ZIO-101) is a novel organic arsenical under evaluation as a cancer chemotherapeutic, but the drug's precise mechanism of action is unclear. Stress granule formation is an important cellular stress response, but the mechanisms of formation, maintenance, and dispersal of RNA-containing granules are not fully understood.

AKAP350 Is involved in the development of apical "canalicular" structures in hepatic cells HepG2.

Hepatocytes are epithelial cells whose apical poles constitute the bile canaliculi. The establishment and maintenance of canalicular poles is a finely regulated process that dictates the efficiency of primary bile secretion. Protein kinase A (PKA) modulates this process at different levels.

Microtubule-dependent association of AKAP350A and CCAR1 with RNA stress granules.

Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of subcellular localization of mRNAs to cell function. While AKAP350A, a multifunctional scaffolding protein, localizes to the Golgi apparatus and centrosomes, we have now identified a cytosolic pool of AKAP350A. Analysis of AKAP350A scaffolded complexes revealed two novel interacting proteins, CCAR1 and caprin-1.

Differential interaction of spin-labeled arrestin with inactive and active phosphorhodopsin.

Arrestins regulate signaling and trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors by virtue of their preferential binding to the phosphorylated active form of the receptor. To identify sites in arrestin involved in receptor interaction, a nitroxide-containing side chain was introduced at each of 28 different positions in visual arrestin, and the dynamics of the side chain was used to monitor arrestin interaction with phosphorylated forms of its cognate receptor, rhodopsin. At physiological concentrations, visual arrestin associates with both inactive dark phosphorylated rhodopsin (P-Rh) and light-activated phosphorylated rhodopsin (P-Rh*).