Identification of specific injury-related SNPs in high-level athletes of Arab origin: A pilot study.

Valuable insights for preventing sports injuries in athletes have been achieved through advancements in genetics. This study aimed to determine the allelic frequency of distinct single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a group of high-level athletes of Arab origin and to explore whether any significant relationship exists between specific genotypes in the selected SNPs with the prevalence and severity of non-contact soft tissue injuries (NCSTIs) and stress fracture injuries (SFIs). A cohort of 30 Arab male adult athletes trained at the same Sports excellence Centre from various individual sports was recruited and genotyped for collagen type 5 alpha 1 () rs12722 and vitamin D receptor () rs10735810 variants.

New insights into ice multiplication using remote-sensing observations of slightly supercooled mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic.

Secondary ice production (SIP) can significantly enhance ice particle number concentrations in mixed-phase clouds, resulting in a substantial impact on ice mass flux and evolution of cold cloud systems. SIP is especially important at temperatures warmer than -[Formula: see text]C, for which primary ice nucleation lacks a significant number of efficient ice nucleating particles. However, determining the climatological significance of SIP has proved difficult using existing observational methods.

Why is exercise prescribed for people with chronic low back pain? A review of the mechanisms of benefit proposed by clinical trialists.

Background: Exercise is recommended for the management of chronic low back pain (CLBP). Trialists have proposed numerous mechanisms to explain why exercise improves pain and function in people with CLBP, but these are yet to be synthesised.

Objective: To synthesise the proposed mechanisms of benefit for exercise in people with CLBP.

Spaceborne Cloud and Precipitation Radars: Status, Challenges, and Ways Forward.

Spaceborne radars offer a unique three-dimensional view of the atmospheric components of the Earth's hydrological cycle. Existing and planned spaceborne radar missions provide cloud and precipitation information over the oceans and land difficult to access in remote areas. A careful look into their measurement capabilities indicates considerable gaps that hinder our ability to detect and probe key cloud and precipitation processes.

Simulation of mesoscale cellular convection in marine stratocumulus.: Part I: Drizzling conditions.

This study uses eddy-permitting simulations to investigate the mechanisms that promote mesoscale variability of moisture in drizzling stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layers. Simulations show that precipitation tends to increase horizontal scales. Analysis of terms in the prognostic equation for total water mixing ratio variance indicates that moisture stratification plays a leading role in setting horizontal scales.

On the forward modeling of radar Doppler spectrum width from LES: Implications for model evaluation.

Large-eddy simulations of an observed single-layer Arctic mixed-phase cloud are analyzed to study the value of forward modeling of profiling millimeter-wave cloud radar Doppler spectral width for model evaluation. Individual broadening terms and their uncertainties are quantified for the observed spectral width and compared to modeled broadening terms. Modeled turbulent broadening is narrower than the observed values when the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate from the subgrid-scale model is used in the forward model.

Seasonal and spatial variations of magnetic susceptibility and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in road dusts of Thessaloniki city, Greece: A one-year monitoring period.

A one-year sampling campaign of road dusts was carried out at 10 distinct sites in the broader area of the city of Thessaloniki, Greece and concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) along with magnetic susceptibility were evaluated. The concentrations of HMs in road dusts were higher than their local background values, while magnetic parameters indicated a significant anthropogenic load. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified non-exhaust vehicular emissions, oil/fuel combustion and industrial activities as major sources of heavy metals accounted for approximately 73% of the total variance.

Use of cloud radar Doppler spectra to evaluate stratocumulus drizzle size distributions in large-eddy simulations with size-resolved microphysics.

A case study of persistent stratocumulus over the Azores is simulated using two independent large-eddy simulation (LES) models with bin microphysics, and forward-simulated cloud radar Doppler moments and spectra are compared with observations. Neither model is able to reproduce the monotonic increase of downward mean Doppler velocity with increasing reflectivity that is observed under a variety of conditions, but for differing reasons. To a varying degree, both models also exhibit a tendency to produce too many of the largest droplets, leading to excessive skewness in Doppler velocity distributions, especially below cloud base.

Spatial and seasonal variations of the chemical, mineralogical and morphological features of quasi-ultrafine particles (PM 0.49) at urban sites.

Combining chemical and physical-structural information of particles is a key issue in PM investigations. Chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characterization of quasi-ultrafine particles (PM 0.49) was carried out at two urban sites of varying traffic-influence (roadside and urban background) in Thessaloniki, northern Greece, during the cold and the warm period of 2013.

On polarimetric radar signatures of deep convection for model evaluation: columns of specific differential phase observed during MC3E.

The representation of deep convection in general circulation models is in part informed by cloud-resolving models (CRMs) that function at higher spatial and temporal resolution; however, recent studies have shown that CRMs often fail at capturing the details of deep convection updrafts. With the goal of providing constraint on CRM simulation of deep convection updrafts, ground-based remote-sensing observations are analyzed and statistically correlated for four deep convection events observed during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E). Since positive values of specific differential phase () observed above the melting level are associated with deep convection updraft cells, so-called " columns" are analyzed using two scanning polarimetric radars in Oklahoma: the National Weather Service Vance WSR-88D (KVNX) and the Department of Energy C-band Scanning Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Precipitation Radar (C-SAPR).

Context, cortex, and associations: a connectionist developmental approach to verbal analogies.

We present a PDP model of binary choice verbal analogy problems (A:B as C:[D1|D2], where D1 and D2 represent choice alternatives). We train a recurrent neural network in item-relation-item triples and use this network to test performance on analogy questions. Without training on analogy problems per se, the model explains the developmental shift from associative to relational responding as an emergent consequence of learning upon the environment's statistics.