If a vaccine against COVID-19 was available, would you like to be vaccinated? And are you vaccinated against flu and other diseases? A survey among university students during state of emergency.

Aim: Achieving sufficient vaccination rate (and herd immunity respectively) is considered to be the most promising strategy for prevention of outbreaks of novel coronavirus disease in future. The main aim of this work was to compare willingness of university students to receive vaccine against COVID-19 with vaccines for adults against other well-known diseases. Another aim was to assess students´ opinion on growing trend of parents refusing to vaccinate children.

Acceptance of a vaccine against COVID-19 - a systematic review of surveys conducted worldwide.

Objectives: The most promising strategy for managing COVID-19 pandemic is achieving sufficient vaccination rate worldwide. The question is how many people will be willing to get vaccinated.

Study Design: We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed manuscripts monitoring people´s intention to receive a vaccine against COVID-19.

Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection.

Hepatitis E is a major concern to public health, it is estimated that 44,000 people die annually due to hepatitis E. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in the world. HEV has been found with 7 genotypes, only 4 can infect humans.

Associations Between Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) and Routinely Examined Parameters in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome.

The aim of the study was to investigate whether routine clinical parameters, including visceral adiposity index (VAI) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), could become widely applicable predictors of insulin resistance (IR), evaluated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR, HOMA-ß), with regard to presence of metabolic syndrome (MS). The study comprised 188 individuals identified to meet the MS criteria during regular health examinations and an equal number of age, sex-matched controls without MS. The strongest correlations were noted between HOMA-IR and waist circumference (WC) in the MS group (r=0.

Surveillance of chronic noninfectious diseases.

Surveillance is a comprehensive system of epidemiological work involving continuous collection, analysis and distribution of data on all characteristics of the disease. Among health professionals, surveillance in connection with noninfectious diseases is not as known as in infections where it has clearly proven successful. The principle of epidemiological surveillance may be applied in chronic noninfectious diseases but certain pitfalls and differences between this category and infectious diseases need to be borne in mind.

Optimal Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Cut-Offs: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Czech Population.

The key pathogenetic mechanism of glucose metabolism disorders, insulin resistance (IR), can be assessed using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). However, its application in clinical practice is limited due to the absence of cut-offs. In this study, we aimed to define the cut-offs for the Czech population.

A study evaluating noise levels at selected schools in the Czech Republic.

Objective: Worldwide, primary schools are the most important segment of childhood education. The main disturbing source of noise in schools is human speech, the primary component of the learning process. School noise has a negative impact on information processing, teachers and pupils, and communication in the classroom.

Total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels and prediction of insulin resistance.

Introduction: Adiponectin is a peptide secreted by adipocytes; its reduction is associated with obesity-related disorders, including insulin resistance (IR). The study analysed levels of total adiponectin and its high-molecular-weight (HMW) oligomer in a group of metabolically healthy adults and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to evaluate these levels as potential predictors of the presence of IR.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised 269 metabolically healthy adults and 300 patients with T2DM.

Risks and protective factors for triple negative breast cancer with a focus on micronutrients and infections.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer (BC) with a poor prognosis. Second, patients cannot benefit from targeted therapy, except for those with BRCA1/2 mutations, for whom poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition therapy using olaparib has recently been approved. As global priorities continue to be epidemiological analysis of BC risk factors and early diagnosis, this review focuses on the risks and protective factors associated with TNBC.

Refractory Ventricle Arrhythmias Alternating with Pulseless Electrical Activity in a Young Woman Rescued by Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

Introduction: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a challenging approach for treating refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Case Presentation: The authors describe a case of a 40-year-old Caucasian female who suffered from refractory OHCA, was admitted to a hospital while receiving ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and was connected to venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 73 minutes after collapse. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias alternating with pulseless electrical activity resolved after eight hours.

[The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) - biology, medical relevance, possibilities for the detection and control].

Bed bugs have become a major concern worldwide in the 21st century and are therefore intensively investigated. The new findings not only extend the knowledge of their biology, medical relevance, and causes of the resurgence, but also can be used in bed bug management. A brief overview is provided of some of the most important research results and opinions, published in the last few years in prestigious international journals.

Loss of chromosome Y leads to down regulation of KDM5D and KDM6C epigenetic modifiers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Recent genomic studies of sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have uncovered novel driver genes and pathways. Given the unequal incidence rates among men and women (male:female incidence ratio approaches 2:1), we compared the genome-wide distribution of the chromosomal abnormalities in both sexes. We observed a higher frequency for the somatic recurrent chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs) of autosomes in male subjects, whereas somatic loss of chromosome X was detected exclusively in female patients (17.

Experiences with preventing carpal tunnel syndrome in an automotive plant.

Objectives: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common occupational disease. The aim was to assess the effect of preventive measures in automotive assembly workers.

Material And Methods: The analysis summarizes data from annual crosssectional studies.

[Epidemiological significance of the metabolic syndrome].

From an epidemiological point of view, the metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors causally, rather than coincidentally, related to insulin resistance. The metabolic syndrome is a condition with relatively high prevalence rates in both the Czech Republic and in other developed countries. There is a clear trend of increasing prevalence in both sexes depending on age.

Evaluation of Dietary Habits in the Study of Pancreatic Cancer.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is serious and rapidly progressing condition. Little is known about the role of diet in etiology of pancreatic cancer. The study focused on the role of selected dietary factors related to pancreatic cancer.

Primary and secondary prevention of colorectal cancer in the Czech Republic.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in the Czech Republic and worldwide. Also, a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, a high proportion of smokers in the population, and one of the highest per capita alcohol consumption rates are typical for the Czech population. The role of general practitioners in the prevention of colorectal cancer is crucial.

The speciation and genotyping of Cronobacter isolates from hospitalised patients.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognised all Cronobacter species as human pathogens. Among premature neonates and immunocompromised infants, these infections can be life-threatening, with clinical presentations of septicaemia, meningitis and necrotising enterocolitis. The neurological sequelae can be permanent and the mortality rate as high as 40-80%.

[West Nile virus transmission risk in the Czech Republic].

West Nile Virus (WNV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae. It is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, capable of sucking blood on birds and mammals, most often by mosquitoes of the genus Culex. In humans, the virus was first identified in 1937 in the West Nile region, Uganda, Africa.

Total and High Molecular Weight Adiponectin Levels and Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Patients.

The study aimed at assessing the potential use of lower total and HMW adiponectin levels for predicting cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concentrations of total adiponectin or high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin decrease in association with the development of metabolic dysfunction such as obesity, insulin resistance, or T2DM. Increased adiponectin levels are associated with a lower risk for coronary heart disease.

[A multifactor epidemiological analysis of risk factors for pancreatic cancer in women].

Study Objective: A multifactor analysis of risk factors for pancreas cancer in women.

Material And Methods: A case-control study was conducted in three centres in the Czech Republic (Olomouc, Ostrava, and České Budějovice) in 2006-2009. In total, 226 women (129 pancreas cancer cases, 97 controls) were included in the study.

Is physical activity a protective factor against pancreatic cancer?

Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze an association between selected factors and pancreatic cancer, assuming that knowing the etiology would help influence the incidence of this severe type of cancer through primary prevention. In addition to age, gender, BMI and education, the analysis aimed at assessing occupational and leisure-time physical activities with respect to pancreatic cancer.

Background: In numerous studies, physical activity is reported to be a protective factor against pancreatic cancer.

[Pancreatic cancer and lifestyle factors].

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a serious cancer with unfavorable prognosis. Due to differences in the incidence of pancreatic cancer in different regions, it is clear that factors associated with lifestyle play an important role in the etiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of selected lifestyle factors in relation to pancreatic cancer.

In vitro efficacy of synthetic skin repellent IR3535 on head lice (Pediculus capitis).

In in vitro tests, skin repellent IR3535, applied in the form of the Diffusil H Prevental product in an aerosol bomb (active compound 20%), killed 100% of head lice (females and males) and nymphs 2 and 3, when directly sprayed at a dose of 0.94 mg of the active compound per square centimeter. Crawling lice exposed for 1 min on the filter paper impregnated by the same concentration showed no effort to suck blood 30 min after exposition.

[Antimalarial prophylaxis in travelers to malaria risk areas].

Malaria is one of the most common diseases imported to the Czech Republic with an upward trend in incidence. Travelers are leaving for abroad without antimalarial prophylaxis or refuse preventive antimalarial drugs. Failure to comply with antimalarial prophylaxis in high-risk areas can lead to malaria infection which may manifest itself even after returning home.

Xenobiotic metabolizing gene variants and renal cell cancer: a multicenter study.

Background: The countries of Central and Eastern Europe have among the highest worldwide rates of renal cell cancer (RCC). Few studies have examined whether genetic variation in xenobiotic metabolic pathway genes may modify risk for this cancer.

Methods: The Central and Eastern Europe Renal Cell Cancer study was a hospital-based case-control study conducted between 1998 and 2003 across seven centers in Central and Eastern Europe.