[Combination of macro-TSH and macroprolactinemia phenomena in a patient with autoimmune thyroiditis and vitiligo].

Laboratory diagnostic methods are the main tools in the practice of a doctor of any specialty, including an endocrinologist. Factors were identified that could change the concentration of the biologically active fraction of the test substance, subsequently complicating the interpretation of laboratory results and making the right clinical decision. The literature describes a variety of circulating autoantibodies involved in binding to pituitary hormones (prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone, luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, and adrenocorticotropic hormones), hypothalamus (vasopressin and oxytocin), pancreas (insulin and glucagon) , parathyroid glands (parathyroid hormone), as well as with thyroid hormones.

[Features of true gynecomastia in adult males].

Background: In recent years, the incidence of gynecomastia in adult men has increased significantly. It is of interest to study the specific features of the disease in these patients.

Aim: To identify the main characteristics of acute gynecomastia in adult men.

[Determination of prolactin reference intervals in different age groups].

Background: Clinical diagnostic laboratories (CDL) have at their disposal various automated systems for the measurement of biochemical parameters and markers such as prolactin. Each of the test systems manufactures offers its own alternate design of the method, which makes standardization difficult. In endocrinological practice, the problem of result discrepancies often arises.

[Calcitonin measurement in fine-needle washout fluids in detecting medullary thyroid cancer].

Background: The diagnostic value of calcitonin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsy wash-out fluid is a promising tool in the diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer.

Aims: We assessed the potential usefulness and the diagnostic significance of Ct-FNAB alone in comparison with cytology in the diagnosis and localization of primary or metastatic MTC.

Materials And Methods: For this purpose, we retrospectively examined data from 67 patients with suspicious thyroid nodules and/or lymph nodes who ultimately underwent surgical treatment at the Endocrinology Research Centre in 2015-2020.

Analytical platforms Vitros ECi 3600 and Cobas 6000: comparative analysis of prolactin measurement.

Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the lactotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary gland and has a wide range of biological effects in the human body. Accurate measurements of prolactin concentration are essential in obtaining biochemical data to support clinical decisions in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the pituitary gland, reproductive, immune and other body systems. The aim of our study is to carry out a comparative analysis of the serum prolactin measurement determined by the two analytical platforms Vitros ECi 3600 (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics) and Cobas 6000 (Roche).

[Primary hyperaldosteronism: difficulties in diagnosis].

Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) - is the clinical syndrome, results from autonomous of the major regulators of secretion, aldosterone overproduction by a tumorous or hyperplastic tissue in adrenal cortex. Being the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension, PA may be represented by disorders with unilateral or bilateral aldosterone overproduction and differential diagnosis between them is crucial for choosing a right therapeutic approache: lifelong medical therapy with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists or unilateral adrenalectomy. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is currently the «gold standard» test for identifying laterality of excess hormone production, unlike imaging tests, sensitivity and specificity of which is not enough, due to inability to evaluate functional activity with confidence, and also to limitations in detecting tiny abnormalities of adrenals, such as microadenoma or hyperplasia.

[Aldosterone- and cortisol-co-secreting adrenal tumors: an uneasy sum of well-known parts (review)].

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary arterial hypertension. In patients with PA, more so than in the general population, there is a prevalence of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and symptoms of depression; these conditions are more likely to manifest a gluco- rather than mineralocorticoid excess. This fact is of particular importance in light of recent studies that have shown that PA is often associated with glucocorticoid excess.

[The modification of technique of detection of free cortizol in urine.].

The detection of free cortizol in day urine is an informative marker for diagnosing conditions of hypo- and hypercorticism. Up to 1% of cortizol, in invariable form and with no association with proteins and secreted by adrenal cortex, is excreted with urine during a day. The level of free cortizol in urine has no dependencies from day variation of hormone in blood and hence it reflects total secretion of cortizol by adrenal cortex.

[The comparative analysis of the results of detection of testosterone in blood serum applying analyzers Architect and Vitros and tandem mass-spectrometry, a highly efficient fluid chromatography technique.].

The testosterone is a key element of hypothalamus hypophysis gonad system. Its physiological role in males is well known and consists primarily in formation of male phenotype and support of spermatogenesis. The evaluation of androgenic status is necessary in case of such wide specter of clinical symptoms and pathological states as hypogonadism, delayed of premature puberty, polycystic ovary syndrome, particular types of cancer, etc.

Comparative Analysis of Clinical, Hormonal and Morphological Studies in Patients with Neuroendocrine ACTH-Producing Tumours.

This paper highlights the problem of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) with clinical symptoms of hypercorticism caused by hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by tumour cells. In most cases (85%), the tumours were localized in the pituitary gland (Cushing's disease); 15% of the patients had an extrapituitary tumour that manifest as an ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS). Comparative analysis of clinical, hormonal, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of pituitary and extrapituitary ACTH-secreting NET was performed.

[The saliva cortisol level test using the automatic immunochemical analyzer Cobas e601 (Roche) to diagnose endogenous hypercorticalism in patients with obesity].

The saliva cortisol level test applies to diagnose endogenous hypercorticalism. However the methods of die format immunoassay traditionally used do not make it possible to get the study results on-the-fly. Also, reference interval and optimal takeoffs differ under implementing various techniques of cortisol tests.

The response of corticotropin and adrenal steroids to desmopressin stimulation in patients with various forms of hypercortisolism.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the direct action of desmopressin (agonist of vasopressin) on the hypophysis and the three zones of the adrenal cortex in patients with different forms of hypercortisolism.

Design: Forty-three patients with hypercortisolism-21 with Cushing's disease (14 females, 7 males), 11 with extrapituitary, ectopic tumours (5 females, 6 males), and 11 with ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome (6 females, 5 males)-were evaluated. The response of the pituitary and adrenal glands was assessed by measuring plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, aldosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) at baseline and at 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the administration of desmopressin.

[The diagnostic value of macroprolactin in hyperprolactinemia].

Macroprolactinemia (MP) in which there is a discrepancy between prolactin (P) levels and clinical symptoms has recently generated great interest among physicians of various specialties since not the whole of P is biologically active. The diagnosis of this condition is a topical problem. The purpose of the investigation was to detect high molecular-weight or big big P in patients with hyperprolactinemia (HP) of various genesis and to define its clinical importance.

[Diagnostic value of the determination of total testosterone in the serum and free biologically active testosterone in the saliva in men].

The study was undertaken to provide evidence that the salivary concentration of free testosterone (FT) well correlates with the serum level of unbound testosterone in men. Recent articles demonstrate that the results obtained by the use of especially automatic systems are incorrect. Anew luminescence enzyme immunoassay has been now put into practice.

[Elevated level of methylated catecholamine derivatives is a pathognomic laboratory sign of pheochromocytoma].

The levels of the methylated catecholamine derivatives (MCD) metanephrine and normetanephrine were measured in 46 patients operated on. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 24 patients in whom chromaffinoma was histologically detected; their age varied from 9 to 75 years (mean 37.8 years); 2) 22 patients who had undergone adrenal cortical tumors or retroperitoneal tumors of extraadrenal genesis; their age ranged from 11 to 67 years (mean 44.

[Biochemical markers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and impaired steroidogenesis].

The paper deals with the problems In the biochemical diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused mainly by adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency. It presents data on the adrenal cortical synthesis of corticosteroids and discusses whether different biochemical markers, including the levels of blood deoxycortisol and those of urinary pregnantriol and pregnantriolone, may be used in neonatal screening and later diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

[Adrenal cortical steroidogenesis and adrenal androgen secretion in Cushing disease].

The daily time course of changes In the secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone, its sulfate, and Cortisol, as well as their precursors (17-α-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone, and 11-deoxycortisol) was studied in patients with Itsenko-Cushing syndrome and disease. The mean daily blood concentrations were calculated for each hormone. The activity of the enzymatic systems of steroidogenesis was estimated from the ratio of the mean daily concentrations of the precursor of an enzymatic reaction to those of its product.

[The nonclassical form of congenital adrenal cortical dysfunction in adolescent girls].

The study was undertaken to define the frequency of nonclasslcal 21-hydroxylase deficiency confirmed by CYP21 gene mutations in girls with pubertal hyperandrogenlsm, to estimate the value of clinical and hormonal markers of nonclasslcal 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Eighty-five girls aged 5-17 years who had hyperandrogenlsm (pubertas precox, hirsutism, acne vulgaris). All the examinees underwent adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (Synacthen-depot) test.

[Early and late results of neurosurgical treatment with Itsenko-Cushing disease].

То study the efficiency of neurosurgical treatment of the Itsenko-Cushing disease (1CD), the authors analyzed the early and late results of adenomectomy in 99 patients (90 females and 9 males) with ICD. The diagnosis of ICD was verified on the basis of hormonal studies, functional tests, and the results of topic diagnosis. All the patients had an active stage of the disease and a pituitary tumor, as evidenced by magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI).

[Effect of desmopressin on the production of corticosteroids in patients with different forms of hypercorticism].

То investigate the direct effect of desmopressin (DP), a vasopressin agonist, on the adrenal cortex, the authors studied a response of the pituitary and all three adrenal cortical areas in patients with different forms ofhypercorticism (active stage): ACTH-dependent Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, ectopic ACTH-dependent syndrome, corticosteroma. The levels of ACTH, cortisol, dehydroepiandros-terone sulfate, and aldosterone were used to assess a response to DP 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after administration. There were several types of a response of corticosteroids to DP: 1) an increase in the level of ACTH and, subsequently, in the concentration of either all test steroids, one of the steroids, or two steroids in different combinations; 2) an elevation of the concentration of steroids in different combinations irrespective the response of ACTH to DP.

Serum testosterone measurement in men: evaluation of modern immunoassay technologies.

Accurate measurement of serum testosterone (T) is essential for proper diagnosis of androgen deficiency. There are now several modern assay technologies, including automated ones, for measurement of T. In this study, we compared analytical performance of five modern immunoassay technologies commonly used for measurement of total T: Vitros ECi (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics; normal range (n.

[Comparative analysis of the determination of serum testosterobe levels by different methods].

The serum concentration of total testosterone were measured in 100 male patients aged 19-65 years who had visited the clinic and polyclinic of the Endocrinology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences for complaints about different dysfunctions of the endocrine glands. Testosterone was measured by the well-known currently available technologies: automatic Vitros ECi, Architect, and Access multianalyzers, manual Delfia and DRS enzyme immunoassay kits, and radioimmunoassay (RIA) that had been developed within the framework of the WHO Human Reproduction Programme and adjusted by the reference assay (gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy). The closest results were obtained when determining the level of testosterone by RIA and by means of the Vitros ECi multianalyzer (13.

A potential rearrangement between CYP19 and TRPM7 genes on chromosome 15q21.2 as a cause of aromatase excess syndrome.

Context: Aromatase excess syndrome (AES) is a rare hereditary autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased extraglandular aromatization of steroids and presented with heterosexual precocity in males and isosexual precocity in females.

Objective: The objective was to study the molecular basis of AES in a kindred with 16 affected subjects, both males and females.

Patients: The propositus, currently a 17-year-old boy, presented with breast enlargement in the first year of life, which persisted thereafter.