Development of a Method for Multisensory Stripping Voltammetry in the Analysis of Medical Preparations.

For the effective dosage of newly developed ophthalmic drugs, an assessment of the dynamics of their concentration in lacrimal fluid over time is required. To express the detection and identification of drugs, new methods are needed that must meet numerous requirements, not the least of which are selectivity, speed, the absence of false-negative results, and cost-effectiveness. The possibility of identifying anesthetics (sevoflurane) in lacrimal fluid has been studied using a new electrochemical method of multisensory inversion voltammetry in the electronic tongue and electronic nose format.

3D Printing of Ridged FeS Cathodes for Improved Rate Capability and Custom-Form Lithium Batteries.

Additive manufacturing can enable the fabrication of batteries in nonconventional form factors, enabling higher practical energy density due to improved material packing efficiency of power sources in devices. Furthermore, energy density can be improved by transitioning from conventional Li-ion battery materials to lithium metal anodes and conversion cathodes. Iron disulfide (FeS) is a prominent conversion cathode of commercial interest; however, the direct-ink-write (DIW) printing of FeS inks for custom-form battery applications has yet to be demonstrated or optimized.

Understanding the Electrochemical Performance of FeS Conversion Cathodes.

Conversion cathodes represent a viable route to improve rechargeable Li battery energy densities, but their poor electrochemical stability and power density have impeded their practical implementation. Here, we explore the impact cell fabrication, electrolyte interaction, and current density have on the electrochemical performance of FeS/Li cells by deconvoluting the contributions of the various conversion and intercalation reactions to the overall capacity. By varying the slurry composition and applied pressure, we determine that the capacity loss is primarily due to the large volume changes during (de)lithiation, leading to a degradation of the conductive matrix.

Perspectives of climate change: A comparison of scientific understanding and local interpretations by different Western Siberian communities.

We present a study of social effects of climate change as experienced by local communities, based on field research and analysis in Western Siberia, from southern taiga to tundra. The results of field anthropological research reveal different attitudes of local residents to climate change. We compare the key trends of climate change with the perspectives of local residents, based on memories, subjective experiences, and local environmental knowledge.

[A comprehensive approach to the treatment of urethral strictures caused by lichen sclerosus].

Aim: to evaluate the correctness of the diagnosis of lichen sclerosus with an evaluation of complications in the form of urethral strictures and to ensure long-term monitoring of patient management in order to avoid recurrence of fibrous complications and ascending infection in case of lower urinary tract obstruction.

Material And Methods: a total of 55 men aged from 17 to 85 years with lichen sclerosus complicated by urethral stricture who were treated from 2005 to 2020 were included in the study. All patients underwent a comprehensive urological examination.

Ultradoping Boron on Si(100) via Solvothermal Chemistry*.

Ultradoping introduces unprecedented dopant levels into Si, which transforms its electronic behavior and enables its use as a next-generation electronic material. Commercialization of ultradoping is currently limited by gas-phase ultra-high vacuum requirements. Solvothermal chemistry is amenable to scale-up.

Zincate-Blocking-Functionalized Polysulfone Separators for Secondary Zn-MnO Batteries.

Alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn-MnO) batteries are well suited for grid storage applications because of their inherently safe, aqueous electrolyte and established materials supply chain, resulting in low production costs. With recent advances in the development of Cu/Bi-stabilized birnessite cathodes capable of the full 2-electron capacity equivalent of MnO (617 mA h/g), there is a need for selective separators that prevent zincate (Zn(OH)) transport from the anode to the cathode during cycling, as this electrode system fails in the presence of dissolved zinc. Herein, we present the synthesis of -butylimidazolium-functionalized polysulfone (NBI-PSU)-based separators and evaluate their ability to selectively transport hydroxide over zincate.

A Versatile Method of Ambient-Temperature Solvent Removal.

Isolation of heat-sensitive reaction products in post-synthesis workup procedures often requires ambient-or low-temperature solvent removal. In the method demonstrated here, solvent evaporation is driven by the pressure gradient between a distillation flask and a chilled receiver in an evacuated closed system containing a minimal amount of residual noncondensable gas. Using an all-glass apparatus, the method is exemplified by evaporation of solvent samples from a distillation flask containing 50 mL of either dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or -methylpyrrolidone (NMP).

Mechanistic studies of a "Declick" reaction.

A kinetic analysis of a "declick" reaction is described. Compound , previously reported to couple an amine and a thiol ( "click") under mild aqueous conditions to create , undergoes release of the unaltered coupling partners upon triggering with dithiothreitol (). In the study reported herein various aniline derivatives possessing para-electron donating and withdrawing groups were used as the amines.

Hydrogen peroxide production via a redox reaction of N,N'-dimethyl-2,6-diaza-9,10-anthraquinonediium by addition of bisulfite.

We demonstrate that bisulfite can be used for reduction of a highly electrophilic anthraquinone derivative, N,N'-dimethyl-2,6-diaza-9,10-anthraquinonediium (DAAQ), and subsequent autoxidation generates an equivalent of hydrogen peroxide. The mechanism for DAAQ reduction by bisulfite, DAAQ electrochemistry, and use of a simple test strip assay for H2O2, are described.

[Evaluation of upper urinary tract function in patients undergoing autoplastic surgery for hydronphrosis of the intrarenal pelvis].

Aim: To investigate the functional state of the upper urinary tract in patients undergoing autoplastic surgery for a hydronophrosis of the intrarenal pelvis.

Material And Methods: The study comprised 78 patients with the intrarenal pelvis and impaired urinary outflow due to stricture of the ureteropelvic junction and vascular conflict (interatrial and arteriovenous narrowing), who underwent pyeloplasty using autologous tunica vaginalis. All patients underwent an incision of ureteropelvic stricture and resection of the parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis which was used to repair the obstruction site and internal stenting of the upper urinary tract.

[Experimental work: reconstruction of the pelvi-ureteric junction and ureter using testicular tunica vaginalis autograft].

Aim: To evaluate the results of surgical reconstruction of the upper urinary tract using an autograft of testicular tunica vaginalis in experimental animals.

Materials And Methods: The article presents the results of partial replacement of the renal pelvis and ureter with an autograft in 25 male dogs. The grafts were harvested by resection of the parietal layer of the testicular tunica vaginalis, which was transplanted into the region of the pelvi-ureteric junction and the proximal ureter.

Dynamic covalent chemistry enables formation of antimicrobial peptide quaternary assemblies in a completely abiotic manner.

Naturally occurring peptides and proteins often use dynamic disulfide bonds to impart defined tertiary/quaternary structures for the formation of binding pockets with uniform size and function. Although peptide synthesis and modification are well established, controlling quaternary structure formation remains a significant challenge. Here, we report the facile incorporation of aryl aldehyde and acyl hydrazide functionalities into peptide oligomers via solid-phase copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SP-CuAAC) click reactions.

An efficient methodology to introduce -(aminomethyl)phenyl-boronic acids into peptides: alkylation of secondary amines.

Current approaches for incorporating boronic acids into peptides require one of the following: the synthesis of commercially unavailable pinacol-protected boronate ester amino acid building blocks, amidation of small-molecule amine-containing boronic acids, or reductive amination of amine residues with 2-formylphenyl boronic acid. These methods have drawbacks, such as the use of excess starting materials, the lack of reactive-site specificity, or the inability to add multiple boronic acids in solution. In addition, several of these approaches do not allow for incorporation of the critical -aminomethyl functionality that allows for binding of sacharrides under physiological conditions.

Recognition of Viologen Derivatives in Water by N-Alkyl Ammonium Resorcinarene Chlorides.

Three water-soluble N-alkyl ammonium resorcinarene chlorides decorated with terminal hydroxyl groups at the lower rims were synthesized and characterized. The receptors were decorated at the upper rim with either terminal hydroxyl, rigid cyclohexyl, or flexible benzyl groups. The binding affinities of these receptors toward three viologen derivatives, two of which possess an acetylmethyl group attached to one of the pyridine nitrogens, in water were investigated via H NMR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).

Practical applications of supramolecular chemistry.

This year marks the 50th anniversary of Charles Pedersen's discovery of crown ethers, what is widely considered the birth of supramolecular chemistry. Since then, the field has progressed greatly, winning two Nobel Prizes and seeing the implementation of many practical applications. In commemoration, we are exploring the more recent advances of the field, which have made it past the realm of chemistry, into the real world.

Synthesis, spectroscopic, and cellular properties of α-pegylated -AB- and AB-types ZnPcs.

A series of pegylated -AB- or AB-type ZnPcs, substituted on the α-positions with tri(ethylene glycol) and hydroxyl groups, were synthesized from a new bis-phthalonitrile. A clamshell-type bis-phthalocyanine was also obtained as a byproduct. The hydroxyl group of one ZnPc was alkylated with 3-dimethylaminopropyl chloride to afford a pegylated ZnPc functionalized with an amine group.

Modifying metal nanoparticle placement on carbon supports using an aerosol-based process, with application to the environmental remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons.

A facile aerosol-based process (ABP) is developed to vary the placement of iron nanoparticles on the external surface of carbon microspheres or within the interior. This is accomplished through the competitive mechanisms of sucrose carbonization and the precipitation of soluble iron salts, in an aerosol droplet passing through a high temperature heating zone. At lower aerosolization temperatures, carbonization occurs first leading to iron salt precipitation on the external surface, while at higher temperatures interior placement occurs through concurrent iron salt precipitation and sucrose carbonization.

Multifunctional iron-carbon nanocomposites through an aerosol-based process for the in situ remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Spherical iron-carbon nanocomposites were developed through a facile aerosol-based process with sucrose and iron chloride as starting materials. These composites exhibit multiple functionalities relevant to the in situ remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichloroethylene (TCE). The distribution and immobilization of iron nanoparticles on the surface of carbon spheres prevents zerovalent nanoiron aggregation with maintenance of reactivity.

[Use of the new non-depolarizing myorelaxant, Nimbex, for anesthesiologic maintenance in high-risk thoracic operations].

The article presents main results of the open randomized investigation of the effectiveness and safety of the new non-depolarizing myorelaxant Nimbex included in the composition of anesthesiological maintenance of thoracal operations of high risk. The authors give data of its influence on neuromuscular conduction and main hemodynamic indices during different periods of the operative intervention. The assessment of the intubation condition, depth of the neuromuscular block and of the dynamics of reestablishment of the neuromuscular conduction is shown.

[Clinical and laboratory grounds for using solcoseryl in high-risk patients].

In 56 patients aged from 58 to 82 years with the III and IV degrees of risk operated upon for malignant tumors of organs of the thoracic and abdominal organs Solcoseryl was included in the complex of anesthesia measures. It was given intravenously or as inhalation in dosage of 1000 mg. It was found that using Solcoseryl considerably reduced the amount of postoperative complications in high risk patients.

[Results of carotid endarterectomy in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis based on data of neuropsychological status and electrophysiologic indices].

The clinical picture and functional indices were investigated in 22 patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis of the major arteries of the carotid basin before and after carotid endarterectomy at the period up to 3 years. It was shown that medical efficiency of the carotid endarterectomy was more pronounced in patients with the intact compensatory blood flow.

[Epidural anesthesia using local anesthetics and clopheline in geriatric urology].

Study of pharmacokinetics of lidocaine, trimecaine, and clofelin demonstrated rapid resorption of these drugs in the postoperative period. Comparison of two methods of epidural anesthesia in high-risk patients (ASA 3) subjected to urologic surgery showed the objective advantages of adrenergic regional anesthesia, ensuring the stability of vital functions during surgery and allowing operations in awaken patients with adequate spontaneous respiration.