Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), the most common bariatric surgical procedure, leads to durable weight loss and improves obesity-related comorbidities. However, it induces abnormalities in bone metabolism. One unexplored potential contributor is the gut microbiome, which influences bone metabolism and is altered after surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Five distinct respiratory phenotypes based on latent classes of longitudinal patterns of wheezing, allergic sensitization. and pulmonary function measured in urban children from ages from 0 to 7 years have previously been described.
Objective: Our aim was to determine whether distinct respiratory phenotypes are associated with early-life upper respiratory microbiota development and environmental microbial exposures.
Background: Seasonal variation in respiratory illnesses and exacerbations in pediatric populations with asthma is well described, though whether upper airway microbes play season-specific roles in these events is unknown.
Objective: We hypothesized that nasal microbiota composition is seasonally dynamic and that discrete microbe-host interactions modify risk of asthma exacerbation in a season-specific manner.
Methods: Repeated nasal samples from children with exacerbation-prone asthma collected during periods of respiratory health (baseline; n = 181 samples) or first captured respiratory illness (n = 97) across all seasons, underwent bacterial (16S ribosomal RNA gene) and fungal (internal transcribed spacer region 2) biomarker sequencing.
Background: Distinct bacterial upper airway microbiota structures have been described in pediatric populations, and relate to risk of respiratory viral infection and, exacerbations of asthma. We hypothesized that distinct nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota structures exist in pediatric populations, relate to environmental exposures and modify risk of acute sinusitis or upper respiratory infection (URI) in children.
Methods: Bacterial 16S rRNA profiles from nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 354) collected longitudinally over a one-year period from 58 children, aged four to seven years, were analyzed and correlated with environmental variables, URI, and sinusitis outcomes.
Background: Microscopic colitis (MC), an inflammatory disease of the colon, is characterized by chronic non-bloody diarrhea with characteristic inflammation and for some, collagen deposits in mucosal biopsies. The etiology of MC is unclear, although previous findings implicate luminal factors and thus the gut microbiome. However, the relationships between fecal microbiota and MC are relatively unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic lung disease (CLD) is a common co-morbidity for HIV-positive children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. In this population, distinct airway microbiota may differentially confer risk of CLD. In a cross-sectional study of 202 HIV-infected children aged 6-16 years in Harare, Zimbabwe, we determined the association of sputum microbiota composition (using 16S ribosomal RNA V4 gene region sequencing) with CLD defined using clinical, spirometric, or radiographic criteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnited European Gastroenterol J
July 2019
Background: Emerging trials suggest fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising treatment for ulcerative colitis; however, there is a paucity of data in Crohn disease (CD).
Objective: The objectives of this article are to determine whether single-dose FMT improves clinical and endoscopic outcomes in CD patients and to identify meaningful changes in the microbiome in response to FMT.
Methods: We performed a prospective, open-label, single-center study.
Aims: This pilot study assessed the efficacy, safety, and microbiome dynamics of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for patients with chronic pouchitis.
Methods: A prospective open-label pilot study was performed at an academic center among pouchitis patients undergoing FMT. Patients received a minimum of a single FMT by pouchoscopy from healthy, screened donors.
Microbial dysbiosis commonly occurs in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Exogenous causes of dysbiosis such as antibiotics and diet are well described, but host derived causes are understudied. A20 is a potent regulator of signals triggered by microbial pattern molecules, and A20 regulates susceptibility to intestinal inflammation in mice and in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In infants, distinct nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiotas differentially associate with the incidence and severity of acute respiratory tract infection and childhood asthma development.
Objective: We hypothesized that distinct nasal airway microbiota structures also exist in children with asthma and relate to clinical outcomes.
Methods: Nasal secretion samples (n = 3122) collected after randomization during the fall season from children with asthma (6-17 years, n = 413) enrolled in a trial of omalizumab (anti-IgE) underwent 16S rRNA profiling.