Screening for hemoglobin disorders and investigating their hematological and demographic profile among patients attending a tertiary-care hospital in southern India-a descriptive study.

Background: Hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias are widely prevalent autosomal inherited recessive disorders of the structure and synthesis of hemoglobin, respectively. Given the regional heterogeneity of these disorders, this study was undertaken to elucidate the patterns and prevalence of these disorders from this region.

Methods: This was a tertiary-care hospital-based study in southern India over 4 years.

Sweet Saboteur: Insulinoma Presenting As Recurrent Hypoglycemic Seizures.

Insulinoma, a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas, often presents diagnostic challenges due to its diverse clinical manifestations. We present the case of a 25-year-old female with recurrent hypoglycemic seizures and neuroglycopenic symptoms, ultimately diagnosed with insulinoma. Despite an initial asymptomatic period, the patient experienced progressively worsening symptoms over three years, culminating in eight episodes of generalized tonic-clonic seizures per week.

The Relationship Between GAPDH Gene Polymorphism and Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome in South Indians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

As glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is one of the regulators of carbonyl stress, a pathogenic mechanism for diabetic complications like acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the study aimed to investigate the relationship between GAPDH gene polymorphism, GAPDH activity in red blood cell (RBC), methylglyoxal (MG) levels in plasma and ACS risk in South Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study comprised 150 T2DM with ACS as cases and 150 T2DM without ACS as controls. The GAPDH rs1136666, rs1060620 and rs1060619 gene polymorphisms were identified by TaqMan probe assays.

GC-MS validation and analysis of targeted plasma metabolites related to carbonyl stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without acute coronary syndrome.

Methylglyoxal (MG) is responsible for advanced glycation end-product formation, the mechanisms leading to diabetes pathogenesis and complications like acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Sugar metabolites, amino acids and fatty acids are possible substrates for MG. The study aimed to measure plasma MG substrate levels using a validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method and explore their association with ACS risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Association of Gene Polymorphisms with Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome in South Indian Population: A Case-Control Genetic Association Study.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein changes are associated with the pathogenesis and complications of atherosclerosis, leading to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Tenascin-C (TNC), an ECM protein, has been implemented in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to compare the genetic variants of the gene (rs13321, rs2104772, and rs12347433) between South Indians with ACS and healthy participants.

The genetic polymorphisms and activity of glyoxalase 1 as a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome in South Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The individuals' genetic traits predispose them to a higher or lower risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, for example, acute coronary syndrome (ACS). As carbonyl stress is responsible for the pathogenesis and complications of T2DM, and glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is the most crucial determinant of carbonyl stress, the study aimed to explore the association between GLO1 gene polymorphism, GLO1 activity in red blood cell (RBC), plasma methylglyoxal (MG) levels, and ACS risk in South Indian T2DM patients.

Methods: A total of 150 T2DM patients with ACS as cases and 150 T2DM patients without ACS as controls were recruited in a case-control study.

Body Iron Store and its Association with Risk of First Episode of Spontaneous Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis/ Pulmonary Embolism: A Case-Control Study.

Background And Objectives: The association between body iron stores and risk of deep vein thrombosis/ pulmonary embolism (DVT/ PE) has not been studied among Indian subjects. This study aimed to evaluate the same and also study the association between iron stores and recanalization of affected veins at week-12.

Methods: This Case-Control with follow-up study enrolled 85 consecutive adult (≥ 18 years) cases presenting with first episode of spontaneous, proximal lower extremity DVT/ PE and 170 age (± 3 years) and sex matched adult controls without DVT/ PE.

Comparison of resting/postexercise ankle-brachial index and transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen for noninvasive diagnosis of peripheral artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a strong risk factor for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and PAD diagnosis in T2DM may indicate coexisting coronary artery disease as well. Postexercise ankle brachial index (ABI) and transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (TcPO) have not been evaluated for PAD diagnosis among Indian T2DM patients. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of resting + postexercise(R + PE) ABI and R + PE-TcPO for PAD diagnosis among T2DM patients at increased PAD risk, using colour duplex ultrasound (CDU) as reference standard.

A validated and optimized method for separation and quantification of total fatty acids by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry in human plasma.

Fatty acids (FAs) are associated with many physiological functions of tissues, and their alteration has been linked with tissue-specific or systemic diseases. The current situation warrants us to have a sensitive and specific method for analysis of total FAs simultaneously from the biological fluid so that the risk prediction, diagnosis or prognosis of the disease can be made effectively. Because of greater sensitivity and resolution, a method of gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS) has been optimized and validated to quantify simultaneously 19 total FAs levels in plasma and compared with GC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Altered expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with the acute coronary syndrome: a pilot study.

Purpose: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are responsible for the complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients by acting via its receptor (RAGE). The soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE) prevents the harmful effects of AGE-RAGE signalling. The sRAGE is produced either by alternate splicing (esRAGE) or proteolytic RAGE cleavage by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10).

Comparison of cardiac autonomic function across complete glycaemic spectrum.

Objectives: Autonomic imbalance is attributed as key mechanism altering metabolic regulation in diabetes mellitus. In view of controversial reports on autonomic function in FDRD and prediabetes, we aimed to assess and compare the autonomic function across the complete glycaemic spectrum in Indian population.

Methods: Short term heart rate variability and cardiac autonomic reactivity tests - blood pressure and heart rate response to orthostatic tolerance and deep breathing exercise, and diastolic response to isometric handgrip exercise were recorded in normoglycemic apparently healthy individual, normoglycemic first degree relatives of diabetes, prediabetes and diabetes individuals.

Clostridioides difficile Diarrhea: An Emerging Problem in a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital.

infection (CDI) is one of the most common infectious causes of hospital-acquired diarrhea. The actual burden of the disease is underestimated in India due to inadequate diagnostic methods and limited studies conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the burden and risk factors of CDI among patients with hospital-acquired diarrhea.

Delayed Gastric Emptying among Indian Patients with Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating, and poor appetite are more frequent among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and may contribute to poor nutritional intake and malnutrition. Delayed gastric emptying (GE), one of the important contributors to these symptoms, has not been evaluated systematically in different stages of non-diabetic CKD, among Indian patients.

Materials And Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional analytical study aimed to find out the frequency of delayed GE in non-diabetic CKD (stages: 3,4,5) patients and also to study the correlation between delayed GE and symptoms of gastroparesis, autonomic neuropathy and nutritional parameters.

Assessment of vascular function in complete glycaemic spectrum.

The present study was conceived to delineate the point of vascular dysfunction along the glycemic spectrum (normoglycemic individuals with no family history of diabetes, normoglycemic individuals with family history of diabetes, prediabetic individuals, and diabetic individuals). In this cross-sectional comparative study, we enrolled 252 participants of both gender in the age group of 30-50 years. They were classified based on their family history of diabetes and glycemic status into four groups along the glycemic spectrum as mentioned above.

Assessment of serum tenascin-C and growth differentiation factor-15 among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without acute coronary syndrome.

Background: High prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a higher prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Inflammation is one of the important contributors to the pathogenesis and complications of coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) and Tenascin-C (TNC) play an important role in the initiation of atherosclerotic plaque as well as its rupture.

Thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with diabetic complications.

Background And Aims: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are more prone to thyroid disorders. Hypothyroidism in them leads to an aggravation of microvascular complications. Diabetic patients with hypothyroidism also are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Association between carbonyl stress markers and the risk of acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-A pilot study.

Background And Aims: Carbonyl stress is one of the mechanisms responsible for diabetes and its complications. The study was planned to examine the relationship between carbonyl stress markers and the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Forty T2DM patients with ACS and forty T2DM patients without ACS participated in this cross-sectional pilot study.

Association of serum regenerating islet-derived protein 3-beta and oncostatin-M levels with the risk of acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - A pilot study.

Background And Aims: Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-beta (Reg3β) and oncostatin-M (OSM), an inducer of Reg3β, are important for the recruitment of macrophages, tissue repair and survival after myocardial infarction. The study was planned to elucidate the diagnostic utility of serum Reg3β and OSM levels for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: Forty-two type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with ACS as cases and forty-two T2DM patients as controls were recruited.

Assessment of autonomic functions and its association with telomerase level, oxidative stress and inflammation in complete glycemic spectrum- an exploratory study.

Aims: In the present study we intended to study autonomic functions and its association with telomerase level, oxidative stress and inflammation in complete glycemic spectrum.

Materials And Methods: Age, gender and BMI matched 28 subjects in the age group of 25-50 years were recruited across complete glycemic spectrum as follows: 1) Normoglycemics (controls) 2) Prediabetics and 3) Frank diabetics. We assessed heart rate variability, cardiac autonomic function, lipid profile, adiponectin, malondialdehyde and telomerase level.

Comparison of anthropometric, cardiovascular, autonomic, baroreflex sensitivity, aerobic fitness, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress parameters between first degree relatives of diabetes and controls.

Aim: We aimed at assessing cardiovascular risk of first degree relatives of diabetes (FDRD).

Methods: A cross sectional study involving 90 apparently healthy normoglycemic volunteers aged between 15 and 50 years (45 FDRD and 45 FDRs of non-diabetics). We measured anthropometric parameters, baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability, cardiac autonomic function tests, and aerobic capacity, fasting blood glucose and insulin, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, nitric oxide and oxidative stress markers.

Comparison of Hemoglobin A with Fasting and 2-h Plasma Glucose Tests for Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes among High-risk South Indians.

Background: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has not been evaluated extensively for diabetes and prediabetes diagnosis and short-term variability of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h PG post-75 g glucose load (2 hPG) and HbA1c has not been studied among Indians.

Objectives: The study aimed to compare the sensitivity of HbA1c, FPG and 2 hPG for diabetes and prediabetes diagnosis as per the American Diabetes Association criteria, assess short-term variability of three tests and determine optimal HbA1c cutoffs for diabetes and prediabetes diagnosis among high-risk south Indians.

Methods: This diagnostic accuracy study, conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital located in South India, enrolled 332 adults at high risk for diabetes and subjected them to testing (FPG, 2 hPG, and HbA1c) twice at 2-3 weeks interval.

Atorvastatin Induced Adverse Drug Reactions among South Indian Tamils.

Introduction: Atorvastatin is the most widely used statin world-over. Although atorvastatin is beneficial in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, they are associated with Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) which are under-recognized as well as under-reported. There is no data on safety of atorvastatin in ethnic populations like South Indian Tamils and hence the need for this study.