Asymptomatic carriage and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in pre-clinical and clinical medical students.

Medical students are exposed to the hospital environment and patients during their studies, increasing the risk of exposure to virulent and antibiotic-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among medical students who have varying levels of exposure to the hospital environment to provide valuable insights into the risk of colonization and transmission. Nasal swabs and fingerprints were obtained and cultured on a selective medium for staphylococci.

Fate of fluoroquinolones in field soil environment after incorporation of poultry litter from a farm with enrofloxacin administration via drinking water.

The practice of incorporating animal manure into soil is supported within the European Circular economy as a possible substitute for mineral fertilizers and will become crucial for the sustainability of agriculture. However, this practice may indirectly contribute to the dissemination of antibiotics, resistance bacteria, and resistance genes. In this study, medicated drinking water and poultry litter samples were obtained from a broiler-chick farm.

Epiphytic microflora and mycotoxin content in meadows-Is plant biodiversity affecting fungal contamination?

Ecosystem services are an important aspect of grasslands utilization; however, they are often contradictory to their main purpose, which is a production of good quality and safe feed. In this study, we evaluated the difference between grass monocultures and species-rich mixtures in terms of epiphytic microflora and mycotoxin contamination levels. We hypothesized that higher species diversity would lead to higher microbial counts, which could lead to higher mycotoxin contamination risk.

Assessing pig farm biosecurity measures for the control of on European farms.

spp. is a common zoonotic pathogen, causing gastrointestinal infections in people. Pigs and pig meat are a major source of infection.

[Prevalence and genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in humans, animals and foods in the Czech Republic].

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are emerging zoonotic pathogens that are of importance not only to human but also to veterinary medicine. MRSA strains spread among humans and animals and can also be transmitted through foods. In this article, we provide a summary of the prevalence of MRSA in the Czech Republic, focusing on the One Health concept, which explores the relationships between human and animal health and the environment.

Effect of the vaccination against Shiga toxin 2e in a farm with history of oedema disease, caused by atypical producing Shiga toxin (STEC).

Oedema disease of weaned piglets is caused by shigatoxigenic (STEC), typically harbouring the gene and F18 adhesins. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a commercially available oedema disease vaccine on the zootechnical performance, mortality and individual antibiotic treatment in a herd, in which non-typical STEC strains without F18 adhesin have been identified. The zootechnical performance (average daily gain, total weight gain), mortality and individual antibiotic treatment were compared between vaccinated and non-vaccinated control piglets in a monocentric field efficacy study, which was performed using two groups in a parallel, randomised design.

Detection and molecular characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw meat in the retail market.

Objectives: This study aimed to detect and characterise methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from retail meat in the Czech Republic.

Methods: Isolates were identified by PCR detection of the S. aureus-specific fragment Sa442 and mecA gene.

Escherichia coli Strains Producing Selected Bacteriocins Inhibit Porcine Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) under both and Conditions.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains are the causative agents of severe foodborne diseases in both humans and animals. In this study, porcine pathogenic E.

Virulence Properties of -1-Positive Isolated from Retail Poultry Meat.

The great plasticity and diversity of the genome, together with the ubiquitous occurrence, make a bacterium of world-wide concern. Of particular interest are pathogenic strains and strains harboring antimicrobial resistance genes. Overlapping virulence-associated traits between avian-source and human extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) suggest zoonotic potential and safety threat of poultry food products.

Genomic Insights into Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Type t899 Isolates Belonging to Different Sequence Types.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) presenting type t899 is commonly associated with sequence type 9 (ST9) but is also increasingly linked to ST398. This study provides genomic insight into the diversity of t899 isolates using core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogeny, and the description of selected antimicrobial resistance and virulence markers. The SNP-based phylogenic tree showed that isolates sharing the same type (t899) but different STs highly diverged in their core and accessory genomes, revealing discriminant antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence markers.

A Multicenter Proposal for a Fast Tool To Screen Biosecure Chicken Flocks for the Foodborne Pathogen .

The present multicenter study aimed at assessing the performance of air sampling as a novel method for monitoring in biosecure poultry farms. We compared, using a harmonized procedure, the bacteriological isolation protocol (ISO 10272-1:2017) and a real-time PCR method used on air filter samples. Air samples and boot swabs were collected from 62 biosecure flocks from five European countries during the summer of 2019.

Campylobacter in chicken - Critical parameters for international, multicentre evaluation of air sampling and detection methods.

The present pilot study aimed at evaluating air sampling as a novel method for monitoring Campylobacter in poultry farms. We compared the bacteriological isolation of Campylobacter from boot swabs and air filter samples using ISO 10272-1:2017. A secondary aim was to evaluate the use of molecular methods, i.

Dissemination and Comparison of Genetic Determinants of -Mediated Colistin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae Retailed Raw Meat Products.

The global food chain may significantly promote the dissemination of bacteria resistant to antibiotics around the world. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae with -mediated colistin (CT) resistance in retail meat of different origins. Bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family carrying the gene were detected in 21% (18/86) of the examined samples, especially in turkey meat and liver originating from EU and non-EU countries (19%) and in rabbit meat imported from China (2%).

Prediction of Persistence of ST451 in a Rabbit Meat Processing Plant in the Czech Republic.

This study was focused on characterization of the genetic diversity of isolated from packed fresh rabbit meat obtained from one producer via retail outlets. The partial aim was to compare the characteristics of a suspect persistent strain with strains from human cases. The occurrence of in vacuum-packed rabbit meat was monitored during 2013 to 2016.

Porcine pathogenic Escherichia coli strains differ from human fecal strains in occurrence of bacteriocin types.

Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (i.e., ETEC and STEC) are important causative agents of human and animal diseases.

The emergence of mcr-1-mediated colistin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in domestic and imported turkey meat in the Czech Republic 2017-2018.

We investigated the occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in turkey meat produced in the Czech Republic as well as in turkey meat imported into the Czech Republic from other European Union countries. Seventeen samples of raw turkey meat from the Czech Republic (n = 4), Hungary (n = 2), Poland (n = 6) and Germany (n = 5) were cultured in peptone water at 37 °C overnight and the enriched cultures were tested for the presence of mcr-1-5 genes. PCR-positive enriched cultures were inoculated onto selective agar with colistin (3.

Lytic and genomic properties of spontaneous host-range Kayvirus mutants prove their suitability for upgrading phage therapeutics against staphylococci.

Lytic bacteriophages are valuable therapeutic agents against bacterial infections. There is continual effort to obtain new phages to increase the effectivity of phage preparations against emerging phage-resistant strains. Here we described the genomic diversity of spontaneous host-range mutants of kayvirus 812.

[Zoonotic significance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from cattle and pigs].

Objectives: The aim of this study was to monitor characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) obtained from animals according to the serogroup they belonged to, Shiga toxin type and subtype and adhesion factor intimin. Then, based on the results, to evaluate the occurrence of Shiga toxin subtypes and their possible significance for humans.

Materials And Methods: The study included 131 STEC strains isolated from rectal swabs from cattle (80) and pigs (51) sampled on farms in the Czech Republic from 2000 to 2017.

Genome Sequences of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Type t899 Strains Belonging to Three Different Sequence Types (ST398, ST9, and ST4034).

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is an emerging MRSA lineage rapidly evolving in the community. In this report, we present the draft genome sequences of nine LA-MRSA strains. These strains were isolated from meat and a human nasal swab sample and belong to one unique type (t899), but to three different sequence types, ST398, ST9, and ST4034.

Properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains from food processing staff.

Aim: The food processing staff may act as a reservoir of virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus and contribute to their transmission to foods. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and properties of S. aureus in cheese factory staff.

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bulk Tank Milk of Cows, Sheep, and Goats.

This study is aimed at detecting and characterizing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from bulk tank milk samples of cows, sheep, and goats collected from dairy farms in the Czech Republic. All MRSA isolates were identified using PCR detection of the Staphylococcus aureus-specific fragment SA442 and mecA gene. The staphylococcal chromosomal cassettes mec (SCCmec), spa, and multilocus sequence types (MLST) were determined.

Diversity of livestock associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective: To evaluate the diversity and molecular characteristics of livestock associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in livestock animals, food of animal origin and the environment in the Czech Republic.

Methods: After having been primarily enriched in buffered peptone water, the samples were cultured on Baird-Parker agar. Presumptive colonies were sub-cultured to blood agar and assessed morphologically.

[A rare mechanism of resistance to colistin in Escherichia coli isolated from raw poultry meat].

Plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin is a recently described phenomenon. The study reports this new type of colistin resistance in food isolates of Escherichia coli in the Czech Republic. Strains with phenotypically determined colistin resistance were studied for presence of the mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes.