Effects of a Low Advanced Glycation End Products Diet on Insulin Levels: The Feasibility of a Crossover Comparison Test.

Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are associated with diabetes mellitus. Digested food-derived AGEs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AGE-related disorders, and restricting diet-derived AGEs improves insulin resistance in animal models. The AGE content in foods changes according to cooking method, and it is higher in baked or oven-fried foods than in those prepared by steaming or simmering.

The CLOCK 3111T/C single nucleotide polymorphism and daytime fluctuations of gastric motility in healthy young women: A preliminary study.

The 3111T/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) gene reportedly affects gastric motility before breakfast. It is of interest to know whether this SNP can affect the motility during the daytime. We investigated the association between the CLOCK 3111T/C SNP and several gastric motility parameters during the time period from 8:00 to 20:00 in 34 young women with scheduled meals.

Determinants of Glycated Hemoglobin in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Subanalysis of the Japan Diabetes Prevention Program.

Background: Limited evidence is available about the relationship of lifestyle factors with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The aim of study was to identify such determinant factors of HbA1c in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 121 men and 124 women with impaired glucose tolerance, who were diagnosed based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test.

Lipoprotein lipase does not increase significantly in the postprandial plasma.

Background: Previous reports have shown that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity significantly increases in the postprandial plasma associated with the increase of TG-rich lipoproteins. Therefore, we have reexamined those relationships using newly developed LPL assay with the different kinds of food intake.

Methods: Standard meal (n=81), 50g of fat (n=54), 75g of glucose (n=25) and cookie (25g fat and 75g carbohydrate fat) (n=28) were administered in generally healthy volunteers.

Diagnostic accuracy of the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Comparison between radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Aims/introduction: The distributer of the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody assay kit using radioimmunoassay (RIA) recently announced its discontinuation, and proposed an alternative kit using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic values of the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody by RIA and ELISA among type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and control participants.

Materials And Methods: A total of 79 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and 79 age-matched controls were enrolled and assessed using RIA and ELISA.

Effects of lifestyle intervention on weight and metabolic parameters in patients with impaired glucose tolerance related to beta-3 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism Trp64Arg(C/T): Results from the Japan Diabetes Prevention Program.

The beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3), primarily expressed in adipose tissue, is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. The present study hypothesized that ADRB3 (Trp64Arg, rs4994) polymorphisms modulate the effects of lifestyle intervention on weight and metabolic parameters in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Data were analyzed from 112 patients with impaired glucose tolerance in the Japan Diabetes Prevention Program, a lifestyle intervention trial, randomized to either an intensive lifestyle intervention group or usual care group.

Assessment of human brown adipose tissue density during daily ingestion of thermogenic capsinoids using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy.

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDGPET/CT) is widely used as a standard method for evaluating human brown adipose tissue (BAT), a recognized therapeutic target of obesity. However, a longitudinal BAT study using FDG-PET/CT is lacking owing to limitations of the method. Near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIR(TRS)) is a technique for evaluating human BAT density noninvasively.

ACTN3 GENE R577X POLYMORPHISM ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND ADIPONECTIN IN RUGBY PLAYERS.

Objective: To determine the relationship between the R577X polymorphism of the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3), which may play a role in the individual differences observed in the effects of exercise on health benefits and antiatherogenic markers (i.e., high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and adiponectin) in athletes.

The relationship between the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or on multiple daily injections.

Aims/introduction: We investigated the relationship between the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or on multiple daily injections (MDI) using data management software.

Materials And Methods: We recruited 148 adult type 1 diabetes mellitus patients (CSII n = 42, MDI n = 106) and downloaded their SMBG records to the MEQNET™ SMBG Viewer software (Arkray Inc., Kyoto, Japan).

Fear of hypoglycemia and its determinants in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of fear of hypoglycemia, in association with severe hypoglycemia and social factors, in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A questionnaire survey on hypoglycemia and patient-physician communication was carried out in 355 patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at 16 hospitals and clinics. A fear of hypoglycemia was reported by 27.

Fasting Lipoprotein Lipase Protein Levels Can Predict a Postmeal Increment of Triglyceride Levels in Fasting Normohypertriglyceridemic Subjects.

Background: Although a postprandial increment in triglyceride (TG) levels is considered to be a risk factor for atherogenesis, tests (e.g., fat load) to assess postprandial changes in TG levels cannot be easily applied to clinical practice.

Effects of telephone-delivered lifestyle support on the development of diabetes in participants at high risk of type 2 diabetes: J-DOIT1, a pragmatic cluster randomised trial.

Objectives: To examine the effects of telephone-delivered lifestyle coaching on preventing the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).

Design: Cluster randomised trial.

Setting: 40 groups from 17 healthcare divisions in Japan: companies (31), communities (6) and mixed settings (3).

Lifestyle intervention might easily improve blood pressure in hypertensive men with the C genotype of angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene.

Background/objectives: Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism affects blood pressure for free-living hypertensive men during a 5-month intervention period.

Subjects/methods: The subjects were free-living hypertensive Japanese men aged 40 to 75 years who agreed to intervention in the period from 2004 to 2011.

Circadian rhythm genes CLOCK and PER3 polymorphisms and morning gastric motility in humans.

Background: Clock genes regulate circadian rhythm and are involved in various physiological processes, including digestion. We therefore investigated the association between the CLOCK 3111T/C single nucleotide polymorphism and the Period3 (PER3) variable-number tandem-repeat polymorphism (either 4 or 5 repeats 54 nt in length) with morning gastric motility.

Methods: Lifestyle questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were performed with 173 female volunteers (mean age, 19.

Effect of baseline HbA1c level on the development of diabetes by lifestyle intervention in primary healthcare settings: insights from subanalysis of the Japan Diabetes Prevention Program.

Objectives: To determine the effects of a lifestyle intervention on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), in particular in the subgroup with baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥5.7%, in primary healthcare settings.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Efficacy of a 3-month lifestyle intervention program using a Japanese-style healthy plate on body weight in overweight and obese diabetic Japanese subjects: a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Objectives: The portion size of food is a determinant of energy intake, linking with obese traits. A healthy plate for portion control has recently been made in a Japanese style. The aim of the current study was to assess the efficacy of a lifestyle intervention program using the Japanese-style healthy plate on weight reduction in overweight and obese diabetic Japanese subjects.

The relationship between gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), bilirubin (Bil) and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) in asymptomatic subjects attending a clinic for screening dyslipidaemias.

Introduction: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), bilirubin (Bil) and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles are each known to be risk markers for cardiometabolic diseases which are characterised by oxidative stress conditions. These markers are connected with the oxidative milieu; however, the association between GGT, Bil, and sdLDL has been hardly examined. This hospital-based study investigated the association between GGT and sdLDL, as well as the association between Bil and sdLDL, in asymptomatic subjects.

High-density lipoprotein size distribution can differ between subjects with alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: While alcohol consumption is associated with levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C), a cardiovascular risk marker, HDL size distribution has yet to be characterized in subjects with alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: The present study compared HDL subfractional characteristics between subjects with AFLD (36 men, age 61 +/- 14) and NAFLD (35 men, age 65 +/- 13), recruited during general health check-ups. Serum HDL subfractions were measured with the electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins employing the Lipoprint system.

Equol producers can have low leptin levels among prediabetic and diabetic females.

Objectives: Soy isoflavones have received great attention for their beneficial effects on health and disease, i.e., in patients with diabetes.

Effects of a year-long pedometer-based walking program on cardiovascular disease risk factors in active older people.

We assessed the relationship between the number of daily steps and changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a year-long pedometer-based walking program for physically active older people. A total of 36 physically active older people (68.3 ± 5.

Correlation between reactive oxygen metabolites & atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background & Objectives: Oxidative stress plays important roles in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test has been used in the clinics. The present study was aimed to investigate the correlation of the oxidative stress status, as evaluated by the d-ROMs, with atherosclerotic risk factors in T2DM patients, in comparison to controls.

Sleep status and low-density lipoprotein particle size in a general Japanese female population: the MIMA study.

Objective: This study investigated the relationship between sleep adequacy and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) in a Japanese population.

Subjects And Methods: Clinical data, including atherosclerotic risk factors, in addition to the mean LDL particle size (LDL-PS) measured by gel electrophoresis, were evaluated in 136 community-dwelling female subjects (40-80 years old). The sleep status was self-reported and the subjects were divided into those who had inadequate sleep (≤ 6 or ≥ 9 h of sleep) and had adequate sleep (7-8 h).

Japan Diabetes Outcome Intervention Trial-1 (J-DOIT1), a nationwide cluster randomized trial of type 2 diabetes prevention by telephone-delivered lifestyle support for high-risk subjects detected at health checkups: rationale, design, and recruitment.

Background: Lifestyle modifications are considered the most effective means of delaying or preventing the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). To contain the growing population of T2DM, it is critical to clarify effective and efficient settings for intervention and modalities for intervention delivery with a wide population reach.The Japan Diabetes Outcome Intervention Trial-1 (J-DOIT1) is a cluster randomized controlled trial to test whether goal-focused lifestyle coaching delivered by telephone can prevent the development of T2DM in high-risk individuals in a real-world setting.

Minor effects of green tea catechin supplementation on cardiovascular risk markers in active older people: a randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Although previous studies have shown that consumption of green tea catechins (GTC) and walking might prevent development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the effects of GTC supplementation on CVD risk in active older people are unknown.

Methods: A total of 52 older adults (male/female 20/32, mean age 69.1 ± 5.

Oxidized high-density lipoprotein is associated with increased plasma glucose in non-diabetic dyslipidemic subjects.

Background: Oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) has reduced capacity for cholesterol efflux and some of other anti-atherogenic properties of HDL, but the role of oxHDL in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease has not been fully demonstrated. This study investigated the association of oxHDL with plasma glucose (PG) and the other atherosclerotic risk variables in non-diabetic dyslipidemic subjects.

Methods: Conventional atherosclerotic markers and LDL particle size (LDL-PS), as determined by gel electrophoresis, were measured in 155 non-diabetic subjects (mean age of 57 years) with dyslipidemia.