Efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy using house dust mite tablet for 1-4 years old children with perennial allergic rhinitis.

Background: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been extensively studied in preschoolers. We investigated the efficacy and safety of house dust mite (HDM) SLIT-tablet for children aged 1-4 years.

Methods: Children aged 1-4 years with AR were divided into SLIT (n = 22) and control (n = 12) groups based on their guardians' preferences.

Practical N-to-C peptide synthesis with minimal protecting groups.

Accessible drug modalities have continued to increase in number in recent years. Peptides play a central role as pharmaceuticals and biomaterials in these new drug modalities. Although traditional peptide synthesis using chain-elongation from C- to N-terminus is reliable, it produces large quantities of chemical waste derived from protecting groups and condensation reagents, which place a heavy burden on the environment.

Long-term outcomes of oral immunotherapy for anaphylactic egg allergy in children.

Background: Studies of long-term oral immunotherapy (OIT) in children with anaphylactic egg allergy are limited.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the long-term outcomes of OIT for anaphylactic egg allergy.

Methods: The participants included children (aged ≥ 5 years) with a history of anaphylaxis in response to eggs and objective reactions to oral food challenge (OFC) with 250 mg of egg protein.

A catalytic one-step synthesis of peptide thioacids: the synthesis of leuprorelin via iterative peptide-fragment coupling reactions.

A catalytic one-step synthesis of peptide thioacids was developed. The oxygen-sulfur atom exchange reaction converted the carboxy group at the C-terminus of the peptides into a thiocarboxy group with suppressed epimerization. This method was successfully applied to the synthesis of the peptide drug leuprorelin via an iterative fragment-coupling protocol.