The Effect of Bone Mechanical Stress Caused by Electrical Stimulation-Induced Muscle Contraction on Osteocalcin Secretion.

Electrical stimulation-induced muscle contraction (ESMC) has demonstrated various physiological benefits, but its effects on the secretion of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), a bone-derived cytokine, remain unclear. This study explored the relationship between ESMC, bone strain, and ucOC secretion through two experiments. In the first, young male Fischer 344 rats were divided into three groups: low-frequency ES (LF, 10 Hz), high-frequency ES (HF, 100 Hz), and control (CON).

Impact of Eccentric Exercise Interventions with Small and Large Ranges of Motion on Rat Skeletal Muscle Tissue and Muscle Force Production.

Eccentric training induces greater hypertrophy while causing more muscle damage than concentric training. This study examined the effects of small-range eccentric contractions (SR-ECCs) and large-range eccentric contractions (LR-ECCs) on muscle morphology, contractility, and damage in rats. Thirty male Fischer 344 rats were divided into five groups: small-range ECC single-bout (SR-ECC, = 4), large-range ECC single-bout (LR-ECC, = 4), SR-ECC intervention (SR-ECC, = 7), LR-ECC intervention (LR-ECC, = 8), and control (Cont, = 7).

Type-specific quantification of particulate methane monooxygenase gene of methane-oxidizing bacteria at the oxic-anoxic interface of a surface paddy soil by digital PCR.

Aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) play an important role in mitigating methane emissions from paddy fields. In this study, we developed a differential quantification method for the copy number of pmoA genes of type Ia, Ib, and IIa MOB in paddy field soil using chip-based digital PCR. Three probes specific to the pmoA of type Ia, Ib, and IIa MOB worked well in digital PCR quantification when genomic DNA of MOB isolates and PCR-amplified DNA fragments of pmoA were examined as templates.

1,4-Bis[(3,5-dimethoxy-phen-yl)ethyn-yl]benzene.

The title compound, C(26)H(22)O(4), is a derivative of 1,4-bis-(phenyl-ethyn-yl)benzene substituted by four meth-oxy groups on the terminal benzene rings. The mol-ecule is almost planar with an r.m.