The neuromodulatory role of dopamine in improved reaction time by acute cardiovascular exercise.

Acute cardiovascular physical exercise improves cognitive performance, as evidenced by a reduction in reaction time (RT). However, the mechanistic understanding of how this occurs is elusive and has not been rigorously investigated in humans. Here, using positron emission tomography (PET) with [ C]raclopride, in a multi-experiment study we investigated whether acute exercise releases endogenous dopamine (DA) in the brain.

Thoracoscopic pericardial drainage for gastric tube ulcer penetrated into the pericardium.

Peptic ulcer occurring in the gastric conduit for esophageal reconstruction sometimes penetrates into the mediastinal structures. We herein reported a case of pericardial penetration of gastric tube ulcer successfully treated with thoracoscopic pericardial drainage. A 66-year-old Japanese man, who had undergone esophagectomy for esophageal cancer 20 months before, visited our emergency room complaining severe back pain.