Tumor-associated macrophages promote bladder cancer metastasis through the CCL20-CCR6 axis.

We investigated the mechanisms of interaction between bladder cancer (BC) cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Coculturing BC cell lines (UMUC3 and T24) with macrophage-like cells differentiated from THP-1 into M2-like TAMs revealed a decrease in Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 68 expression and an increase in CD206 expression. This differentiation enhanced BC cell migration and invasion.

Secondary aneurysmal bone cyst of the frontal bone with fibrous dysplasia showing rapid expansion: a case report.

A 19-year-old woman presented with swelling of the left forehead without pain. She did not have any relevant past or family history. Computed tomography showed destruction of the outer cortex of the frontal bone.

Feed intake patterns of modern genetics lactating sows: characterization and effect of the reproductive parameters.

Background: Knowing the feed intake pattern during lactation of modern genetic sows is crucial because it allows to anticipate possible problems and maximize their performance. On the other side, electronic feeders permit real-time data to be available for a more accurate evaluation of sow eating behavior. This work aimed to characterize the feed intake patterns of lactating highly prolific sows and determine their effect on reproductive performance.

Effect of embolization before stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations: a case-control study with propensity score matching.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether endovascular embolization prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has a negative impact on nidus obliteration for patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Methods: A total of 704 eligible patients with AVM who did not undergo prior surgery or radiotherapy were evaluated. Of these patients, 593 were treated with SRS only, and 111 were treated with embolization followed by SRS (E+SRS).

Primary Dural Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Mimicking Falx Meningioma: A Case Report.

An 85-year-old woman presented with ataxia and deterioration of cognitive functions. She had no history of autoimmune diseases or viral infections. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a solitary mass lesion at the cerebral falx on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging.

Efficacy of Magnetic Resonance Contrast-Enhanced Vessel Wall Imaging as an Ancillary Examination for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage With Bleeding Points Difficult to Determine on Conventional Vascular Imaging: A Report of Three Cases.

Here, we have demonstrated the efficacy of magnetic resonance contrast-enhanced vessel wall imaging (CE-VWI) as an ancillary examination for subarachnoid hemorrhage with bleeding points difficult to confirm by conventional vascular imaging. Case 1 had a ruptured small aneurysm with a size of 1.8 × 1.

Intracranial Idiopathic Acute Epidural Hematoma Presenting with a Stroke-like Attack and Rapid Neurological Deterioration: A Case Report.

A 36-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of a right-sided headache that awoke her from sleep. She had no episodes of trauma or abuse. She was initially able to speak, but fell into a coma within an hour.

Long-Term Risks of Hemorrhage and Adverse Radiation Effects of Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

Background: The information about long-term risks of hemorrhage and late adverse radiation effects (AREs) after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term risks of hemorrhage and late ARE rates in patients with AVM treated with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS).

Methods: We examined 1249 patients with AVM treated with GKS.

Factors associated with canine skin extensibility in toy poodles.

To assess factors for canine skin extensibility, our study investigated associations between the dogs' skin extension index and the following factors, gender, age, neuter status, weight, coat color and six coat color related gene polymorphisms. Swab samples were collected from 69 toy poodles to extract DNA. The skin extension indices of the lower back and the neck were measured using the following formula: vertical height of the skin fold divided by body length multiplied by 100.

Five risk factors and their interactions of probability for a sow in breeding herds having a piglet death during days 0-1, 2-8 and 9-28 days of lactation.

Background: Increasing preweaning piglet mortality is a concern for veterinarians and producers in relation to sow performance and piglet welfare. Our objectives were (1) to characterize pre-weaning piglet mortality risk for sows (PWM) during early (0-1 days), mid- (2-8 days) and late (9-28 days) lactation and (2) to quantify the following five factors and their interactions, parity, number of piglets born alive (PBA), number of stillborn piglets (SB), gestation length (GL) and season for PWM during the three lactation phases.

Methods: Data obtained from 264,333 parity records of 55,635 sows farrowed in 2015 and 2016 from 74 Spanish herds.

Timing and temperature thresholds of heat stress effects on fertility performance of different parity sows in Spanish herds.

High temperature is an environmental factor that impairs sow fertility. In this study, we identified the critical weeks for heat stress effects on aspects of fertility performance, namely weaning-to-first-service interval (WSI) and farrowing rate (FR). We also examined the threshold temperatures above which the fertility performance deteriorated and whether there were any differences between parities regarding heat stress effects or thresholds.

A 10-year trend in piglet pre-weaning mortality in breeding herds associated with sow herd size and number of piglets born alive.

Background: Piglet pre-weaning mortality (PWM) is one of the biggest problems regarding sow performance and piglet welfare. Recently, PWM has increased in some countries, but it is not known if there are similar increases in other countries, nor whether increased PWM is related to either increased numbers of piglets born alive (PBA) or to sow herd size. So, the objectives of the present study were 1) to explore the trend in PWM in Spanish sow herds over a recent 10-year period, along with related measurements such as PBA, stillborn piglets, herd productivity and herd size; and 2) to examine the relationships between PWM and the related measurements.

Farm data analysis for lifetime performance components of sows and their predictors in breeding herds.

Our objectives in this review are 1) to define the four components of sow lifetime performance, 2) to organize the four components and other key measures in a lifetime performance tree, and 3) to compile information about sow and herd-level predictors for sow lifetime performance that can help producers or veterinarians improve their decision making. First, we defined the four components of sow lifetime performance: lifetime efficiency, sow longevity, fertility and prolificacy. We propose that lifetime efficiency should be measured as annualized piglets weaned or annualized piglets born alive which is an integrated measure for sow lifetime performance, whereas longevity should be measured as sow life days and herd-life days which are the number of days from birth to removal and the number of days from date of first-mating to removal, respectively.

Removal of sows in Spanish breeding herds due to lameness: Incidence, related factors and reproductive performance of removed sows.

Lameness is a major reason for sow removal in breeding herds. Increased removal occurrences for lameness decrease reproductive efficiency and increase welfare concerns. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence rate of removal due to lameness, and to investigate the longevity and reproductive performance of sows removed due to lameness.

Increased age at first-mating interacting with herd size or herd productivity decreases longevity and lifetime reproductive efficiency of sows in breeding herds.

Background: Our objectives were to characterize sow life and herd-life performance and examine two-way interactions between age at first-mating (AFM) and either herd size or herd productivity groups for the performance of sows. Data contained 146,140 sows in 143 Spanish herds. Sow life days is defined as the number of days from birth to removal, whereas the herd-life days is from AFM date to removal date.

Recurrence patterns and lifetime performance of parity 1 sows in breeding herds with different weaning-to-first-mating intervals.

Background: Our objectives were 1) to compare reproductive performance across parities and lifetime performance of parity 1 sows in six weaning-to-first-mating interval groups (WMI 0-3, 4, 5, 6, 7-20 and 21 days or more), 2) to determine the recurrence patterns and repeatability of WMI, and 3) to quantify factors associated with the probability of parity 1 sows having WMI 4 days. Examined data comprised 691,276 parity and 144,052 lifetime records of sows in 155 Spanish herds, served between 2011 and 2016. Mixed-effects models were applied to the data.

Incidences and risk factors for prolapse removal in Spanish sow herds.

Prolapses in sows are an emerging concern in pig production. The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence rate of prolapses and to determine risk factors associated with prolapse occurrences. Data included 905,089 service records in 819,754 parity records of 155,238 sows from 144 swine herds in Spain.

Metabolome analysis of the serotonin syndrome rat model: Abnormal muscular contraction is related to metabolic alterations and hyper-thermogenesis.

Aims: Serotonin syndrome (SS) is an adverse outcome of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, though its mechanism is not understood and there is no specific clinical biomarker. In this article, metabolic profiles of the SS model rats and causes of metabolome disruption were investigated.

Main Methods: Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS)-based metabolomics, clinical biomarker measurements and qRT-PCR analysis for UCP-3 in skeletal muscles were performed.

High-performing farms exploit reproductive potential of high and low prolific sows better than low-performing farms.

Background: Our objective was to examine the impact of farm effects and sow potential on various aspects of sow performance. We examined the interaction between sow prolificacy groups categorized at parity 1 and farm productivity groups for reproductive performance across parities, and lifetime performance. Data included 419,290 service records of 85,096 sows, on 98 Spanish farms, from first-service as gilts to removal, that were served between 2008 and 2013.

Culling in served females and farrowed sows at consecutive parities in Spanish pig herds.

Background: The objectives of our study were 1) to characterize culling and retention patterns in parities 0 to 6 in served females and farrowed sows in two herd groups, and 2) to quantify the factors associated with by-parity culling risks for both groups in commercial herds. Lifetime data from first-service to removal included 465,947 service records of 94,691 females served between 2008 and 2013 in 98 Spanish herds. Herds were categorized into two groups based on the upper 25th percentile of the herd means of annualized lifetime pigs weaned per sow: high-performing (> 24.

Gastrointestinal symptom prevalence depends on disease duration and gastrointestinal region in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To unravel relationships between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms impairing quality of life (QOL) and clinical profiles of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.

Methods: We enrolled 134 outpatients with type 2 DM. Mean age was 64.

The Improvement of the Hepatic Histological Findings in a Patient with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis with Type 2 Diabetes after the Administration of the Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Ipragliflozin.

The patient was a 67-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The administration of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, ipragliflozin improved her liver dysfunction clinically and histologically. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ferritin levels decreased to normal limits after treatment for four months.

Characteristics and risk factors for severe repeat-breeder female pigs and their lifetime performance in commercial breeding herds.

Background: Repeat-breeder females increase non-productive days (NPD) and decrease herd productivity and profitability. The objectives of the present study were 1) to define severe repeat-breeder (SRB) females in commercial breeding herds, 2) to characterize the pattern of SRB occurrences across parities, 3) to examine factors associated with SRB risk, and 4) to compare lifetime reproductive performances of SRB and non-SRB females. Data included 501,855 service records and lifetime records of 93,604 breeding-female pigs in 98 Spanish herds between 2008 and 2013.