Comparative evaluation of bond strength of diode and neodymium-doped:Yttrium aluminum garnet-assisted bleached enamel with nanofilled composite: An study.

Background: The world of esthetic dentistry is constantly making efforts toward the management of tooth staining. Laser-assisted bleaching is needed before adhesive restorations and has become common and advantageous as it accelerates bleaching action, reduces postoperative sensitivity, and promotes recrystallization of enamel.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the bond strength of diode (Biolace: EpicX) and neodymium-doped:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) (LightWalker, Fotona, Slovenia) assisted bleached (Pola Office, SDI) enamel with nanofilled composite (GC Solare Sculpt).

Comparative evaluation of penetration of sealers in dentinal tubules using passive ultrasonic irrigation and Erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser - A confocal laser scanning microscope study.

Context: Smear layer clearance and sealer penetration into dentinal tubules play a crucial role in root canal treatment. Hence, efficient irrigation is a crucial component of the root canal debridement. This study's objective was to assess the effectiveness of passive ultrasonic activation and Erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG) laser-activated irrigation on irrigation solution penetration and sealer penetration into dentinal tubules.

Yoga Intervention Improves the Metabolic Parameters and Quality of Life among Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Indian Population.

Background: The heterogenic manifestations of polycystic ovarian syndrome have led to various treatment approaches that include improving hormonal imbalance, weight management, and improving quality of life (QoL). Yoga therapy being a versatile treatment approach benefits physical and mental well-being and can be recommended to women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the effect of structured yoga intervention on anthropometric, metabolic, hormonal, biochemical, ovarian morphology, and infertility-related QoL parameters among infertile women with PCOS.

Biogeographic patterns in populations of marine Pseudoalteromonas atlantica isolates.

Intra-specific genomic diversity is well documented in microbes. The question, however, remains whether natural selection or neutral evolution is the major contributor to this diversity. We undertook this study to estimate genomic diversity in Pseudoalteromonas atlantica populations and whether the diversity, if present, could be attributed to environmental factors or distance effects.

Mycotoxin tolerance affects larval competitive ability in Drosophila recens (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

Certain mycophagous Drosophila species are the only known eukaryotes that can tolerate some highly potent mycotoxins. This association between mycophagy and mycotoxin tolerance is well established because Drosophila species that switch hosts from mushrooms to other food sources lose their mycotoxin tolerance trait without any evolutionary lag. These findings suggest that mycotoxin tolerance may be a costly trait to maintain.

Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life Using PCOSQ Tool, Its Determinants and Coping Mechanisms Used by Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Attending Multidisciplinary Clinic in Mumbai, India.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorder having most impact on women of reproductive age group, affecting their quality of life (HRQOL) and psychological well-being.

Objective: This paper aims to determine QOL among women affected with PCOS attending a multidisciplinary clinic using PCOSQ tool and its association with socio-economic status, phenotypes, anxiety, depression and metabolic comorbidities and evaluate the coping strategies adapted by these women.

Design: Retrospective study.

A Live Attenuated COVID-19 Candidate Vaccine for Children: Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Challenge in Hamsters.

Children are at risk of infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its more severe forms. New-born infants are expected to receive short-term protection from passively transferred maternal antibodies from their mothers who are immunized with first-generation COVID-19 vaccines. Passively transferred antibodies are expected to wane within first 6 months of infant's life, leaving them vulnerable to COVID-19.

An integrated multidisciplinary model of care for addressing comorbidities beyond reproductive health among women with polycystic ovary syndrome in India.

Background & Objectives: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is becoming an area of global and national health concern. It requires a life cycle approach from adolescence to menopause. To comprehensively address the wide spectrum of this disorder, a multidisciplinary model of care was established for women with PCOS in a government setting in India with an objective to screen and manage multifaceted manifestations of PCOS and to diagnose and treat associated comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, dermatologic manifestations and psychological issues.

The regulation of a pigmentation gene in the formation of complex color patterns in Drosophila abdomens.

Changes in the control of developmental gene expression patterns have been implicated in the evolution of animal morphology. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying complex morphological traits remain largely unknown. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms that induce the pigmentation gene yellow in a complex color pattern on the abdomen of Drosophila guttifera.

Derivative 6 as an additional chromosomal abnormality along with t(15;17): A case report.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by the presence of t(15;17)(q22;q21) translocation leading to fusion between PML and RARa gene. Treatment combining all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has dramatically improved the prognosis of APL. We report a rare finding of primary clone of t(15;17) followed by a sequential clonal evolution of additional derivative chromosome 6 formation by a two hit mechanism.

Inter- and intraspecific variation in mycotoxin tolerance: A study of four species.

Many mycophagous species have adapted to tolerate high concentrations of mycotoxins, an ability not reported in any other eukaryotes. Although an association between mycophagy and mycotoxin tolerance has been established in many species, the genetic mechanisms of the tolerance are unknown. This study presents the inter- and intraspecific variation in the mycotoxin tolerance trait.

Neural circuit mechanisms of hierarchical sequence learning tested on large-scale recording data.

The brain performs various cognitive functions by learning the spatiotemporal salient features of the environment. This learning requires unsupervised segmentation of hierarchically organized spike sequences, but the underlying neural mechanism is only poorly understood. Here, we show that a recurrent gated network of neurons with dendrites can efficiently solve difficult segmentation tasks.

Clinical Presentations and Semen Characteristics of Men Attending the Secondary Referral Infertility Clinic at Mumbai, India.

Background: Limited information is available on the aetiology and semen profiles of male infertility in Indian population.

Aim: The aim of this study is to study the clinical and semen characteristics of men attending the infertility clinic and also to understand the impact of World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 reference values on the diagnosis of male infertility.

Setting And Design: A retrospective study evaluating the medical case records (January 2005 to December 2015, [ = 1906]) of men attending infertility clinic in Mumbai, India.

Codon usage bias and dinucleotide preference in 29 Drosophila species.

Codon usage bias, where certain codons are used more frequently than their synonymous counterparts, is an interesting phenomenon influenced by three evolutionary forces: mutation, selection, and genetic drift. To better understand how these evolutionary forces affect codon usage bias, an extensive study to detect how codon usage patterns change across species is required. This study investigated 668 single-copy orthologous genes independently in 29 Drosophila species to determine how the codon usage patterns change with phylogenetic distance.

The modular expression patterns of three pigmentation genes prefigure unique abdominal morphologies seen among three Drosophila species.

To understand how novel animal body colorations emerged, one needs to ask how the development of color patterns differs among closely related species. Here we examine three species of fruit flies - Drosophila guttifera (D. guttifera), D.

Incidence & management practices of snakebite: A retrospective study at Sub-District Hospital, Dahanu, Maharashtra, India.

This study was undertaken to know the incidence and management practices of snakebite envenomation at the First Referral Unit - Sub-District Hospital, Dahanu, Maharashtra, India. Retrospective analysis of snakebite case records (n=145) was carried out for one-year period (January to December 2014). The annual incidence of snakebite was 36 per 100,000 population with case fatality rate of 4.

Status of - fusion in prostate cancer patients from India: correlation with clinico-pathological details and Met160Val polymorphism.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) shows considerable clinical heterogeneity that has been primarily attributed to variable molecular alterations. - fusion is one such molecular subtype that has been associated with predominantly poor prognosis. More recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene rs12329760 C>T (Met160Val) has been shown to positively correlate with the fusion status and also to be associated with increased risk for PCa.

Prognostic classification of MDS is improved by the inclusion of FISH panel testing with conventional cytogenetics.

Cytogenetics is a critical independent prognostic factor in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Conventional cytogenetics (CC) and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) Panel Testing are extensively used for the prognostic stratification of MDS, although the FISH test is not yet a bona fide component of the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). The present study compares the utility of CC and FISH to detect chromosomal anomalies and in prognostic categorization.

Development of polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic tests for detection of Malsoor virus & adenovirus isolated from species of bats in Maharashtra, India.

Background & Objectives: Bats are recognized as important reservoirs for emerging infectious disease and some unknown viral diseases. Two novel viruses, Malsoor virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus, Phlebovirus) and a novel adenovirus (AdV) (family, Adenoviridae genus, Mastadenovirus), were identified from Rousettus bats in the Maharashtra State of India. This study was done to develop and optimize real time reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for Malsoor virus and real time and nested PCR for adenovirus from Rousettus bats.

Nosocomial infection of CCHF among health care workers in Rajasthan, India.

Background: Ever since Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] discovered in India, several outbreaks of this disease have been recorded in Gujarat State, India. During the year 2011 to 2015 several districts of Gujarat and Rajasthan state (Sirohi) found to be affected with CCHF including the positivity among ticks and livestock. During these years many infected individuals succumbed to this disease; which subsequently led to nosocomial infections.

Isolation of Tioman virus from Pteropus giganteus bat in North-East region of India.

Bat-borne viral diseases are a major public health concern among newly emerging infectious diseases which includes severe acute respiratory syndrome, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus disease. During the survey for Nipah virus among bats at North-East region of India; Tioman virus (TioV), a new member of the Paramyxoviridae family was isolated from tissues of Pteropus giganteus bats for the first time in India. This isolate was identified and confirmed by RT-PCR, sequence analysis and electron microscopy.

Isolation and characterization of Oya virus a member of Simbu serogroup, family Bunyaviridae, isolated from Karnataka, India.

During a study on Japanese encephalitis (JE) from Kolar district of Karnataka state, India in 1986; two virus isolates were obtained in infant Swiss albino mouse from a pig and a human serum sample. For characterization of these virus isolates, they were propagated in Vero CCL-81 cells. These virus isolates were screened for flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, Dengue, Kyasanur forest disease) and Alphavirus (Chikungunya) by RT-PCR and found to be negative.

A complex three-way translocation with deletion of the TP53 gene in a blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia patient.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome created by the reciprocal translocation t(9;22) (q34;q11), resulting in the chimeric BCR-ABL oncogene. Variant Ph' chromosome translocations involving additional chromosomes are seen in 5-10% of CML cases. In the present study, a novel case of Ph' chromosome-positive CML is reported, with a three-way translocation involving chromosomal regions, 9q34, 22q11.