Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children and Adolescents from a Major Dental Clinic in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A 5-Year Retrospective Study.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of dental trauma in a public dental clinic in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 2019 to 2024.

Methods: This research was conducted as a retrospective cross-sectional study. The data were analysed and compared between injured primary and permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth.

Attitudes and Knowledge of Dental Students in Bosnia and Herzegovina Towards Child Abuse and Neglect.

Introduction: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) are social and public health problems. Access to oral health care for abused and neglected children is a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes and knowledge of dental students from Bosnia and Herzegovina towards CAN.

Clinical Testing of Walking Bleach, In-Office, and Combined Bleaching of Endodontically Treated Teeth.

Objective. The causes of internal posteruptive discoloration of teeth are bleeding, necroses, infections, and endodontic filling materials. The aim of this study was to establish the results of bleaching endodontically treated teeth using walking bleach, in-office, and combined techniques, using 30% carbamide peroxide and 35% hydrogen peroxide, as well as the effect of etiological factors, and the time elapsed after endodontic treatment on the success of bleaching.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Paediatric Dental Treatment: A Retrospective Study in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Dentists are at significant risk of COVID-19 infection. It was difficult to find a balance between dental care, especially preventive and other non-urgent dental procedures, and prevention of potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental treatment in children in the Dental Clinic of the University of Banja Luka, and to compare it before and during the first and second years of the pandemic.

Caries increment in Bosnian women associated with caries risk factors according to the Cariogram during pregnancy. A four-year longitudinal study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine dental caries increment in women after four years associated with caries risk factors according to the Cariogram during pregnancy.

Materials: Study design: The study population consisted of 96 pregnant women between 20 and 42 years of age at the start of the study. After four years, 80 women (83.

Identifying risk factors of severe early childhood caries in infants from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors for S-ECC among infants under 24 months of age living in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out. Considering inclusion criteria, the total sample consisted of 192 examined infants under 24 months of age.

Validation of Cariogram in Caries Prediction in Women and Their Children 4 Years After Pregnancy - Longitudinal Study.

Background: Cariogram, an algorithm-based software model, for predicting caries risk has been used to assess the caries risk profile of many different groups. The aims of the study were to evaluate Cariogram caries risk assessment during pregnancy with DMFT/dmft incidence in mothers and their children 4 years after pregnancy and to check if there is an association between children's caries risk profiles using Cariogram and caries risk profiles (by Cariogram) of their mothers during pregnancy.

Methods: The study population consisted of 96 pregnant women (average age 27.

Aging-Related Increase of cGMP Disrupts Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Leydig Cells.

Since mitochondria play an essential role in the testosterone biosynthesis, serve as power centers and are a source of oxidative stress, a possible mitochondrial dysfunction could be connected with decreased activity of Leydig cells and lowered testosterone production during aging. Here we chronologically analyzed age-related alterations of mitochondrial function in Leydig cells correlated by the progressive rise of cGMP signaling and with respect to testosterone synthesis. To target cGMP signaling in Leydig cells, acute or long-term in vivo or ex vivo treatments with sildenafil (phosphodiesterase 5 [PDE5] inhibitor) were performed.

Comparative analysis of the animal model and results of the clinical research of the aneurysm inclination angle as the predisposing factor for the occurrence of rupture.

Introduction: Natural course of aneurysms that occur on blood vessels of the brain singles out the need for understanding the mechanism of the occurrence of aneurysm wall rupture and identification of anatomic characteristics as predictive factors for hemorrhage to occur.

Objective: In this study we comparatively present results of our researches and experimental models on animals.

Methods: We made a comparative analysis of anatomical characteristics of blood vessels of the brain and aneurysms obtained on the basis of digital subtraction angiography and intraoperative finding.

Pathophysiology of migraine--from molecular to personalized medicine.

Introduction: Understanding of migraine pathophysiology has substantially improved over the last two decades. As a result, migraine is now mainly considered to be a disorder of the brain, rather than one of the vasculature or the meninges.

Pathophysiology: Although it remains speculative how exactly they relate to each other, the following three processes are important in migraine: 1.

The opposite roles of glucocorticoid and α1-adrenergic receptors in stress triggered apoptosis of rat Leydig cells.

The stress-induced initiation of proapoptotic signaling in Leydig cells is relatively well defined, but the duration of this signaling and the mechanism(s) involved in opposing the stress responses have not been addressed. In this study, immobilization stress (IMO) was applied for 2 h daily, and animals were euthanized immediately after the first (IMO1), second (IMO2), and 10th (IMO10) sessions. In IMO1 and IMO2 rats, serum corticosterone and adrenaline were elevated, whereas serum androgens and mRNA transcription of insulin-like factor-3 in Leydig cells were inhibited.

Complexity reduction of chromatin architecture in macula densa cells during mouse postnatal development.

Aim: To determine whether complexity of chromatin structure in kidney macula densa cells (MDC) decreases during postnatal development in mice.

Methods: The levels of chromatin structural complexity were measured by determining fractal dimension of MDC nuclei. Kidney tissue was obtained from the total of 32 male Swiss albino mice divided into four age groups (n = 8): newborn (0 days), 10 days old, 20 days old and 30 days old.

Predictable morphometric parameters for rupture of intracranial aneurysms - a series of 142 operated aneurysms.

Aim: Intracranial aneurysm rupture is followed by high mortality and morbidity. In order to understand the aneurysm's natural course, it is necessary to recognize the predisposing factors for the rupture.

Material And Methods: Analysis included 142 operated aneurysms (94 hemorrhaging and 48 unruptured) in the period from 2008 to 2010.

The effect of grain size on the biocompatibility, cell-materials interface, and mechanical properties of microwave-sintered bioceramics.

The effect of decreasing the grain size on the biocompatibility, cell-material interface, and mechanical properties of microwave-sintered monophase hydroxyapatite bioceramics was investigated in this study. A nanosized stoichiometric hydroxyapatite powder was isostatically pressed at high pressure and sintered in a microwave furnace in order to obtain fine grained dense bioceramics. The samples sintered at 1200°C, with a density near the theoretical one, were composed of micron-sized grains, while the grain size decreased to 130 nm on decreasing the sintering temperature to 900°C.

Effect of captopril on serum lipid levels and cardiac mitochondrial oxygen consumption in experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits.

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are widely used in therapy of cardiovascular diseases. However, the consensus on effects of these inhibitors in control of myocardial oxygen consumption during the process of experimental hypercholesterolemia and under the condition of endothelial dysfunction has not been reached. Here we examined effects of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on serum lipid levels and oxygen consumption rate in mitochondria isolated from heart of rabbits treated by hypercholesterolemic diet.

Replacing animal use in physiology and pharmacology teaching in selected universities in Eastern Europe--charting a way forward.

The aims of this study were to explore the use of animals in teaching and the implementation of innovative technology-based teaching practices across a small sample of universities in Eastern Europe. The research methods used were a questionnaire circulated four weeks before a workshop took place (in October 2009, in Belgrade, Serbia), as well as focused, face-to-face group discussions, led by one of the authors during the workshop. Twenty-two faculty (physiologists and pharmacologists), from 13 Eastern European countries, attended the meeting.

Immobilization stress reduces oxygen consumption of the isolated interstitial rats' testes cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acute and repeated immobilization stress on oxygen consumption (QO2) of the isolated interstitial rats' testes cells (ISC). The oxygen consumption by ISC testes was measured in vitro with a Clark-type oxygen electrode. Acute immobilization stress (2 h) induced decrease in QO2 (-49% V4, -31% V3) which was statistically significant (p<0.

The impact of introducing computer-based alternatives to the use of animals in the teaching of physiology and pharmacology at Balkan universities - a pilot study.

Balkan universities use a substantial number of small mammals and amphibians in the teaching of physiology and pharmacology. This project investigated whether making computer-based alternatives readily available, and combining this availability with a staff development workshop focusing on methods of integrating such resources into undergraduate curricula, would have any effect on animal use. Teachers from 20 Institutes (from five Balkan countries) participated in the workshop.

The irritative property of alpha-tricalcium phosphate to the rabbit skin.

The aim of this study was to assess the irritant properties of a new developed calcium phosphate ceramic, alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) after single application to intact skin of the rabbit. The test substance, alpha-TCP was produced by modified hydrothermal method and prepared in two different forms, as a solid material (disc 5 x 2 mm) and paste. Both, solid material and paste of alpha-TCP were evaluated for primary skin irritation to the ISO 10993-10:2002/Amd 1:2006 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices - Part 10.

[Possible inhibitory effect of nitric oxide donor, dipropylenetriamine nonoate (DPTA/NO), on oxygen consumption of isolated rats' testis interstitial cells].

Introduction: The understanding of testicular physiology, pathology, and male fertility issues requires knowledge of male germ cell death, energy production and oxygen consumption. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a new donor of exogenous nitric oxide, di-propylen-three amin-NONOate (DPTA/NO), on the oxygen consumption by freshly isolated rats' testis interstitial cells.

Material And Methods: Rats' testis interstitial cells (ISC) were isolated according to Anakwe method and oxygen consumption was measured in an ex vivo bath.

[Difference between values of gas analysis of arteries and internal jugular vein in patients with cerebral infarction].

Introduction: Cerebral infarction is more and more frequently present by massive participation and high percentage of mortality even in young population. It is notified as very hard, vitally endangered disease.

Objective: To prove whether there is a difference in the gas analyses of the arterial and cerebral venous blood between the patients with the cerebral infarction of the left and right hemisphere and why it is significant for the treatment of those patients.

[New trends in neuromonitoring patients with with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage].

Neurointensive care of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage is based on the theory that clinical outcome is the consequence of the primary haemorrhage and a number of secondary insults in the acute post haemorrhage period. Several neuromonitoring techniques have been introduced or accomplished into clinical practice in the last decade with the purpose of monitoring different but related aspects of brain physiology, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), pressure within the cranial cavity, metabolism, and oxygenation. The aim of these techniques is to obtain information that can improve knowledge on brain pathophysiology, and especially to detect secondary insults which may cause permanent neurological damage if undetected and untreated in "real time", at the time when they can still be managed.

[Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage].

Cerebral vasospasm causes permanent neurolological deficit or death occurance in 13% of clinical cases. Peak frequency is from 8-10th day after SAH. The purpose of this study is factor analysis that may have influence on vasospasm development , as well as predictor determination.

[Development of new intracranial saccular aneurysms].

Newly formed aneurysms developing from a cerebral vessel which had appeared to be normal in a previous angiographic study are very rare. Four cases of angiographically documented newly developed saccular aneurysms are described in this report. In all four patients, the new aneurysms were symptomatic, causing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).