Publications by authors named "Koji Yoshino"

Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the long-term effects of adjuvant therapy on different melanoma subtypes, particularly focusing on acral and mucosal types, using anti-PD-1 antibody and a combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
  • A total of 120 patients were analyzed, revealing a median time to relapse of 18.4 months, with acral and mucosal types having 3-year recurrence-free survival rates of 28.1% and 38.5%, respectively.
  • Results indicate that adjuvant therapy is more effective for non-acral cutaneous melanoma compared to acral and mucosal types, especially regarding time to relapse.
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  • Anti-PD-1 antibodies, commonly used to treat advanced melanoma, have reduced effectiveness in Asian patients and necessitate alternative therapies, prompting the investigation of TM5614 combined with nivolumab for treating patients with unresectable melanoma.
  • The TM5614-MM study, a phase 2 clinical trial, enrolled patients who had not responded to previous anti-PD-1 treatments, administering nivolumab every 4 weeks with TM5614 taken orally in specified doses for 8 weeks.
  • Results showed a 25.9% overall response rate after 8 weeks in 27 anti-PD-1 refractory patients, with a manageable safety profile, indicating that the combination therapy could benefit this patient population.
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Article Synopsis
  • Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a highly aggressive vascular tumor, and while paclitaxel (PTX) is the first-line treatment, options for taxane-resistant cases are unclear.
  • This clinical trial will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combining PTX with TM5614, a PAI-1 inhibitor, specifically for patients resistant to PTX therapy.
  • The study aims to measure overall response rates and other outcomes over 28 weeks, involving at least 15 patients to ensure valid results while addressing the lack of effective treatments for PTX-resistant CAS patients.
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  • Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is less effective for Asian patients with advanced BRAF V600-mutant melanoma, leading researchers to consider alternative first-line treatments.
  • A study analyzed treatment outcomes for 336 Asian patients using BRAF/MEK inhibitors, anti-PD-1, and PD-1/CTLA-4 combinations, revealing BRAF/MEKi had the best objective response rates and progression-free survival.
  • The results suggested that BRAF/MEKi may be preferred over anti-PD-1 treatments for these patients, particularly in second-line settings, highlighting the need for tailored treatment approaches based on patient demographics.
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Since anti-PD-1 Abs can cause irreversible immune-related adverse events (irAEs), the associations between their efficacies and the incidence of irAEs are important to evaluate the use of anti-PD-1Abs for the treatment of melanoma, especially in the adjuvant setting. The purpose of this post hoc analysis study was to retrospectively analyze the associations between recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 12 months and the onset of any irAEs in 31 non-acral cutaneous and 30 acral melanoma cases treated with anti-PD-1 Abs therapy at the adjuvant setting in Asians. There were 20 cases with greater than grade 1 AEs in both the acral and non-acral cutaneous groups.

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Background: Efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy (PD1) or anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy (PD1 +CTLA4) for melanoma is affected by its clinical subtype. The amount of tumor mutation burden (TMB) caused by cumulative sun damage (CSD) is occasionally used to explain this; however, their relationship in Japanese nonacral cutaneous melanoma (NACM) is still unclear.

Objective: To analyze the ICI efficacy and its relationship with CSD of the primary lesion in Japanese patients with NACM.

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Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare and highly aggressive type of vascular tumor. Although chemoradiotherapy with taxanes is recognized as a first-line therapy for CAS, second-line therapy for CAS remains controversial. From the above findings, the efficacy and safety profiles of taxane-switch (change paclitaxel to docetaxel or vise), eribulin methylate, and pazopanib regimens in second-line chemotherapy were evaluated retrospectively in 50 Japanese taxane-resistant CAS patients.

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Cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is rare and most previous studies of CAS have been small case series, and randomized, phase II studies of CAS are limited. Since treatment options for CAS are controversial, and because only paclitaxel should be recommended based on high-level evidence, it is important to evaluate the efficacy of another taxane-derived agents, docetaxel, in real-world practice. The efficacy and safety profiles of chemoradiotherapy using taxane-based agents, docetaxel and paclitaxel, were retrospectively examined in the maintenance setting in 90 Japanese CAS patients, including 35 docetaxel-treated cases and 55 paclitaxel-treated cases.

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Whether sentinel lymph node biopsy status is a prognostic factor or effective in determining treatment strategies in extramammary Paget disease remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in extramammary Paget disease. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information of previously untreated patients with invasive extramammary Paget disease who underwent wide local excision of the primary tumor and sentinel lymph node biopsy at our hospital between April 2008 and March 2021.

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The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a useful prognostic biomarker for many cancer types. However, the prognostic value of NLR in patients with extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether NLR is associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with EMPD.

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Anti-PD-1 antibodies (Abs) are among the optimal adjuvant therapies for melanoma at high risk of recurrence, especially BRAF wild-type melanoma, but the anti-tumour effects of anti-PD-1 Abs in the adjuvant setting for acral melanoma have not been evaluated previously. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy and safety profiles of anti-PD-1 Ab monotherapy in the adjuvant setting in an Asian population including a high ratio of acral melanoma. The efficacy and safety profiles of anti-PD-1 Ab monotherapy in the adjuvant setting were retrospectively analysed in 78 Japanese patients with advanced melanoma, including 31 cases (40%) of acral melanoma.

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Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, and surgical excision with clear margins is the standard of care. Surgical margins are determined based on risk factors (high or low risk) for recurrence according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and Japanese basal cell carcinoma guidelines. The clarity of the clinical tumor border (well-defined or poorly defined) is considered a risk factor, and significant discrepancies in the judgment of clinical tumor borders among dermato-oncologists may occur.

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The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has been increasing rapidly in recent years, especially among the elderly. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the findings of studies on systemic therapy for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, to review geriatric screening tools, which can assess frailty and predict treatment outcomes, and discuss the indications of their use in advanced cases. A literature review revealed that studies on systemic therapy for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma often included relatively older patients.

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Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a known prognostic biomarker for survival and is predictive of sentinel lymph node (SLN) positivity in some cancers. However, its usefulness as a prognostic biomarker for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has not been fully investigated.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between the NLR and the disease-specific survival and SLN positivity in patients with cSCC.

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Patients with resected stage IIIB, IIIC and IIID melanomas have a high risk of recurrence. Therefore, an appropriate protocol for stage III melanoma is needed. Since adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib (D+T) combined therapy and anti-PD1 antibody (Ab) therapy reduce the risk of recurrence in patients with resected stage III BRAF-mutated melanoma, selecting the adjuvant therapy for BRAF-mutated melanoma is controversial.

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Article Synopsis
  • IGF-1 is a growth factor associated with neural cell development and has been debated in its relation to schizophrenia symptoms.
  • A study involving 65 schizophrenia patients and 20 healthy controls aimed to explore the link between serum IGF-1 levels and psychiatric symptoms, using various scales for assessment.
  • Results showed no significant difference in IGF-1 levels between groups, but a negative correlation was found between IGF-1 levels and overall psychiatric symptoms, while age also influenced IGF-1 levels significantly.
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Article Synopsis
  • This study focuses on the side effect of enterocolitis caused by anti-PD-1 therapy, which enhances T-cell anti-tumor activity but can lead to gastrointestinal issues.
  • Researchers analyzed CT scans of 21 patients to identify typical imaging characteristics of this condition, looking at factors like bowel wall thickness and symptoms.
  • Results showed that pancolitis and skip lesions were common, with rectal and appendiceal involvement noted, and there were significant symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal pain; CT scans could help diagnose this condition effectively alongside clinical symptoms.
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Background: As most clinical trials evaluating BRAF and MEK inhibitor combination therapy (B + Minh) have been conducted in Western countries, little is known about the effect of B + Minh among East Asian populations.

Material And Methods: Data from patients with advanced melanoma treated using B + Minh (either dabrafenib + trametinib or encorafenib + binimetinib) were retrospectively collected from 16 institutes in Japan. Response rates, adverse events, patterns of failure and survival were analysed.

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The efficacy of encorafenib plus binimetinib (E + B) combination therapy for BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma as second-line therapy and beyond is still unknown. In this report, we investigated 22 cases of BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma treated with E + B combination therapy. The objective response rate (ORR) for the total cohort was 68.

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