The consciousness of virtue: uncovering the gaps between educational specialists and the general public in their understanding of virtue in Japan.

Virtue is a normative concept that constitutes social and moral codes. The notion of virtue can be identified in both the West and the East. Since this concept was revived in academia in the 20th century after a long sinking into oblivion, contemporary professional researchers, but not the general public, may be familiar with this notion.

The way forward for neuroethics in Japan: A review of five topics surrounding present challenges.

Neuroethics is the study of how neuroscience impacts humans and society. About 15 years have passed since neuroethics was introduced to Japan, yet the field of neuroethics still seeks developed methodologies and an established academic identity. In light of progress in neuroscience and neurotechnology, the challenges for Japanese neuroethics in the 2020 s can be categorized into five topics.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Once-Daily Alogliptin/Metformin and Twice-Daily Anagliptin/Metformin Combination Tablet in a Randomized, Parallel-Group, Open-Label Trial in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: The combination tablets of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and metformin are used for both once-daily and twice-daily agents in Japan. If there is no difference in effectiveness between the once-daily and twice-daily DPP-4 inhibitor/metformin combination tablets, the once-daily agent is advantageous in terms of frequency of administration. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of once-daily alogliptin/metformin combination tablet (alogliptin 25 mg/metformin 500 mg) and twice-daily anagliptin/metformin combination tablet low dose (LD) (anagliptin 100 mg/metformin 250 mg).

A novel fabrication process of up-scalable microfiber-shaped tendon-like tissue with high cell density for uniformed macroscale assembly.

This paper describes up-scalable microfiber-shaped tissues for macroscale tendon tissue reconstruction in vitro. C3H10T1/2 cells were encapsulated in a calcium alginate hydrogel microfiber that was fabricated via a double coaxial microfluidic device. The C3H10T1/2 cells gradually merged to construct the microfiber-shaped tendon-like tissue.