Tumor cell enrichment by tissue suspension improves sensitivity to copy number variation in diffuse gastric cancer with low tumor content.

The detection of copy number variations (CNVs) and somatic mutations in cancer is important for the selection of specific drugs for patients with cancer. In cancers with sporadic tumor cells, low tumor content prevents the accurate detection of somatic alterations using targeted sequencing. To efficiently identify CNVs, we performed tumor cell enrichment using tissue suspensions of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections with low tumor cell content.

Impact of somatic mutations and transcriptomic alterations on cancer aneuploidy.

Aneuploidy has been recognized as one of hallmark of tumorigenesis since the early 20th century. Recent developments in structural variation analysis in the human genome have revealed the diversity of aneuploidy in cancer. However, the effects of gene mutation and expression in tumors on aneuploidy remain poorly understood.

Comparative analysis of tumor content estimation methods based on simu- lated tumor samples identified their impact on somatic variant detection in cancer whole genome sequencing.

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) in cancer genomics has become widespread with recent technological innovations, and the amount and types of information obtained from WGS are increasing rapidly. Appropriate interpretation of results is becoming increasingly important in clinical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of tumor content estimation and its impact on somatic variant detection, using 100 simulated tumor samples covering 10-100% tumor content constructed from the sequencing data of cell line models.

Quality of life after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis in Japan.

Background: Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) often have severe and intractable abdominal pain, leading to decreased quality of life (QOL), inability to work or attend school, and increased health care costs due to repeated emergency room visits and hospitalizations.

Methods: We evaluated the efficacy of total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) in terms of pain control and QOL in CP patients treated at our center in Japan. To evaluate QOL, we used the Short-Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2 Standard, Japanese), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Pancreatic Modification (QLQ-PAN28).

Improved diagnosis of histological capsule in hepatocallular carcinoma by using nonenhancing capsule appearance in addition to enhancing capsule appearance in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.

To assess the value of nonenhancing capsule by adding to enhancing capsule in gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI) in comparison with contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) for diagnosing histological capsule in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One-hundred fifty-one patients with HCC who underwent both CE-CT and EOB-MRI were retrospectively reviewed. Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 imaging features, including enhancing and nonenhancing capsule were evaluated by two readers in CE-CT and EOB-MRI.

False-positive 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy in a patient with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor presenting as a left adrenal incidentaloma.

Summary: A 47-year-old man was diagnosed with a left adrenal incidentaloma at 40 years of age. The tumor had irregular margins and grew from 18 mm to 30 mm in maximum diameter over 7 years. On computed tomography scan, the mass appeared to localize within the tip of the lateral limb of the left adrenal gland, and between the left adrenal gland and the posterior wall of the stomach.

Nuclear Cardiology Data Analyzed Using Machine Learning.

Machine learning has become popular in clinical practice, and the amount of research that uses artificial intelligence is rapidly increasing. In contrast to conventional statistical and rule-based methods, machine learning creates algorithms based only on combinations of input and output databases. Basic understanding of the internal workings of artificial intelligence, its structures and need for appropriate databases, as well as its strengths and weaknesses is important for efficient machine learning application.

Do heel-unloading orthoses improve clinical outcomes in patients after surgical treatment of calcaneal fracture? A propensity-matched, multicenter analysis of the TRON database.

Background: Postoperative protocols after surgical treatment of calcaneal fracture have not been standardized to date. There are only a few reports on the efficacy of heel-unloading orthoses (HUOs; Mars shoe, Graffin orthosis), and thier efficacy is uncertain.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative radiologic and clinical outcomes in patients with calcaneal fractures who used Graffin orthosis.

Diagnosis of Parkinson syndrome and Lewy-body disease using I-ioflupane images and a model with image features based on machine learning.

Objectives: I-ioflupane has been clinically applied to dopamine transporter imaging and visual interpretation assisted by region-of-interest (ROI)-based parameters. We aimed to build a multivariable model incorporating machine learning (ML) that could accurately differentiate abnormal profiles on I-ioflupane images and diagnose Parkinson syndrome or disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (PS/PD/DLB).

Methods: We assessed I-ioflupane images from 239 patients with suspected neurodegenerative diseases or dementia and classified them as having PS/PD/DLB or non-PS/PD/DLB.

seed oil combined with leaf powder attenuates age-related cognitive decline by reducing serum triglyceride and glucose levels in healthy elderly Japanese individuals: a possible supplement for brain health.

We have shown that extract improves learning and memory in a senescence-accelerated mouse model, and that α-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich seed oil (PO) improves brain function in healthy Japanese adults and elderly individuals. Herein, we present a 12-month, randomised, double-blind, parallel-armed intervention trial examining the effects of PO supplementation alone or in combination with leaf powder on brain function in healthy elderly Japanese individuals. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the PO group received 1.

seed oil in combination with nobiletin-rich ponkan powder enhances cognitive function in healthy elderly Japanese individuals: a possible supplement for brain health in the elderly.

() seed oil (PO), rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), can improve cognitive function in healthy elderly Japanese people. Here, supplements containing either PO alone or PO with nobiletin-rich air-dried immature ponkan powder were examined for their effects on cognitive function in 49 healthy elderly Japanese individuals. Patients were enrolled in a 12-month randomized, double-blind, parallel-armed study.

JCGA: the Japanese version of the Cancer Genome Atlas and its contribution to the interpretation of gene alterations detected in clinical cancer genome sequencing.

With the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based cancer gene panel tests in routine oncological practice in Japan, an easily interpretable cancer genome database of Japanese patients in which mutational profiles are unaffected by racial differences is needed to improve the interpretation of the detected gene alterations. Considering this, we constructed the first Japanese cancer genome database, called the Japanese version of the Cancer Genome Atlas (JCGA), which includes multiple tumor types. The database includes whole-exome sequencing data from 4907 surgically resected primary tumor samples obtained from 4753 Japanese patients with cancer and graphically provides genome information on 460 cancer-associated genes, including the 336 genes that are included in two NGS-based cancer gene panel tests approved by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency.

extract enhances learning and memory in senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice.

Learning and memory impairment may result from age-related decline in synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampus. Therefore, exploration of functional foods capable of ameliorating memory and cognition decline is an interesting endeavor in neuroscience research. We report the effects of Anredera cordifolia (AC) extract on learning and memory deficits in a senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse model, which demonstrate age-related memory deficits and related pathological changes in the brain.

Mutational concordance analysis provides supportive information for double cancer diagnosis.

Background: Mutation analysis using next-generation sequencing highlights the features of tumors with somatic alterations. However, the mutation profile of double cancer remains unclear. Here, we analyzed tumors derived from the same patient using whole exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the coherence of somatic mutations in double cancer.

evaluation of percutaneous carbon dioxide treatment for improving intratumoral hypoxia using F-fluoromisonidazole PET-CT.

Carbon dioxide (CO) treatment is reported to have an antitumor effect owing to the improvement in intratumoral hypoxia. Previous studies were based on histological analysis alone. In the present study, the improvement in intratumoral hypoxia by percutaneous CO treatment was determined using F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography-computed tomography (F-FMISO PET-CT) images.

Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Predicting Thromboembolic Complications during Endovascular Treatment for Iliac Artery Occlusions.

Background: Preoperative prediction of thromboembolic complications using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in coronary arteries and carotid arteries has been established. However, the technique has not been applied in peripheral arteries. This study aimed to assess the relationship between thromboembolic complications during endovascular treatment (EVT) for iliac artery occlusion and signal intensity on MRI.

Characterization of tumors with ultralow tumor mutational burden in Japanese cancer patients.

Tumor mutational burden analysis using whole-exome sequencing highlights features of tumors with various mutations or known driver alterations. Cancers with few changes in the exon regions have unclear characteristics, even though low-mutated tumors are often detected in pan-cancer analysis. In the present study, we analyzed tumors with low tumor mutational burden listed in the Japanese version of The Cancer Genome Atlas, a data set of 5020 primary solid tumors.

Machine learning-based risk model using I-metaiodobenzylguanidine to differentially predict modes of cardiac death in heart failure.

Background: Cardiac sympathetic dysfunction is closely associated with cardiac mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We analyzed the ability of machine learning incorporating I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) to differentially predict risk of life-threatening arrhythmic events (ArE) and heart failure death (HFD).

Methods And Results: A model was created based on patients with documented 2-year outcomes of CHF (n = 526; age, 66 ± 14 years).

CT angiography with 15 mL contrast material injection on time-resolved imaging for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Purpose: To assess the utility of whole-aorta CT angiography (CTA) with 15 mL contrast material (CM) on time-resolved imaging for endovascular abdominal aortic repair (EVAR).

Methods: Twenty-six patients with a high-risk of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) underwent CTA with 15 mL CM using temporal maximum intensity projection (tMIP-CTA) generated from time-resolved imaging. The aortoiliac CT values were measured.

Mid-term Outcomes and Predictors of Transarterial Embolization for Type II Endoleak After Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair.

Purpose: To evaluate the mid-term outcomes of transarterial embolization (TAE) for type II endoleak after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) and investigate the predictors of sac enlargement after embolization.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 55 patients [48 men and 7 women, median age 79.0 (interquartile ranges 74-82) years] who underwent TAE for type II endoleak from 2010 to 2018.

Improved Visualization and Identification of the Right Adrenal Vein in 70-kVp Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of 70-kilovoltage-peak (kVp) contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for visualization and identification of the right adrenal vein (RAV) in comparison with that of conventional 120-kVp CECT.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent adrenal venous sampling with concurrent biphasic 120-kVp (120-kVp group, n = 43) or 70-kVp (70-kVp group, n = 47) CECT. Signal-to-noise ratios, contrast-to-noise ratios, longitudinal lengths, conspicuity scores, RAV detection rates, and size-specific dose estimates were compared between the 2 groups.

Japanese version of The Cancer Genome Atlas, JCGA, established using fresh frozen tumors obtained from 5143 cancer patients.

This study aimed to establish the Japanese Cancer Genome Atlas (JCGA) using data from fresh frozen tumor tissues obtained from 5143 Japanese cancer patients, including those with colorectal cancer (31.6%), lung cancer (16.5%), gastric cancer (10.

Tacrolimus-induced diabetic ketoacidosis with subsequent rapid recovery of endogenous insulin secretion after cessation of tacrolimus: A case report with review of literature.

Rationale: Immunosuppressive agents such as tacrolimus (TAC) and cyclosporin might cause glycemic disorders by suppressing insulin production. However, only a few cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with longitudinal evaluation of endogenous insulin secretion related to TAC administration have been reported.

Patient Concerns: A 59-year-old Asian woman, who received prednisolone and TAC 4.