Comprehensive assessment of the impact of horticultural activities on salivary stress biomarkers, psychological status, and the autonomic nervous system response visualized using a wearable biosensor.

Objectives: This study aims to comprehensively investigate the changes of salivary stress biomarkers, psychological status, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) response due to horticultural activities (HAs).

Design And Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in twenty Japanese healthy adults (mean age, 58.4 years).