Publications by authors named "Koji Kawakami"
Universal Health Checkups and Risk of Incident Diabetes and Hypertension.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Importance: Type 2 diabetes and hypertension are obesity-related, noncommunicable diseases becoming increasingly common worldwide. In 2008, Japan launched a nationwide universal health checkup program, Specific Health Checkup (SHC), for the primary prevention of obesity-related diseases, but its effectiveness has been understudied.
Objective: To investigate the association of the SHC program with incident diabetes and hypertension, using a target trial emulation framework.
Although some case reports have reported gastrointestinal perforation after COVID-19, epidemiological studies investigating this association are scarce. We aimed to assess the risk of gastrointestinal perforation associated with COVID-19. We conducted a self-controlled case series (SCCS) study using a Japanese nationwide, large-scale claims database.
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- Clinicians face a complex decision when treating patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on anticoagulants who require surgery for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), balancing the need to prevent embolism with the risk of hematoma recurrence.
- This study analyzed data from patients who underwent CSDH surgery while on anticoagulation, comparing those who resumed anticoagulation within 14 days post-surgery to those who did not.
- Results indicated that the 90-day risk of CSDH recurrence was similar between the two groups, although early resumption of anticoagulation may slightly increase the recurrence risk, providing key insights for clinicians' decisions about anticoagulation management.
Background: Numerous studies have described positive relationships between hospital volume (HV) and clinical outcomes in highly complex procedures, including esophagectomies. Although the centralization of surgery has been considered a possible solution for improving clinical outcomes, the HV impact on perioperative healthcare costs is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between HV and perioperative healthcare costs for patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
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- - Tadalafil, typically used for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), may also lower the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients without prior diabetes.
- - A study compared 5,180 men who used tadalafil to 20,049 men who used alpha-blockers, finding that tadalafil users had a significantly lower incidence of T2DM over a median follow-up of about 27 months.
- - The results suggest that tadalafil is associated with a 53% reduction in the risk of developing T2DM compared to alpha-blockers, indicating it might be a better option for preventing diabetes in BPH patients.
Article Synopsis
Background: Bipolar disorder often emerges from depressive episodes and is initially diagnosed as depression. This study aimed to explore the effects of a prior depression diagnosis on outcomes in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Methods: This cohort study analyzed data of patients aged 18-64 years who received a new bipolar disorder diagnosis in Japan, using medical claims data from January 2005 to October 2020 provided by JMDC, Inc.
Article Synopsis
- A study analyzed the risk of traumatic injuries and fractures in patients with narcolepsy compared to the general population, using a large Japanese health insurance database.
- Researchers followed 2,451 narcolepsy patients and 10,591 matched individuals for up to 5 years, finding that those with narcolepsy had significantly higher rates of injuries (11.4 vs. 6.2 per 100 person-years) and fractures (2.3 vs. 1.3 per 100 person-years).
- The study concluded that narcolepsy increases the risk of traumatic injuries, suggesting the need for preventive measures specifically for these patients.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined how living in rural areas affects outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) during critical early care periods.
- Using data from a large Japanese hospital network spanning 2013-2021, researchers focused on patients admitted within 4.5 hours of stroke onset, comparing urban and rural treatment approaches and results.
- Findings revealed that rural patients experienced significantly worse outcomes than urban patients, with higher adjusted odds of poor recovery, particularly in the hyperacute phase, highlighting the need for improved care in rural settings.
Article Synopsis
Background: Gastrointestinal transit (GIT) is influenced by factors including diet, medications, genetics, and gut microbiota, with slow GIT potentially indicating a functional disorder linked to conditions, such as constipation. Although GIT studies have utilized various animal models, few effectively model spontaneous slow GIT.
Aims: We aimed to characterize the GIT phenotype of CFP/Yit (CFP), an inbred mouse strain with suggested slow GIT.