Spectral optimization of supercontinuum shaping using metaheuristic algorithms, a comparative study.

Supercontinuum generation in optical fiber involves complex nonlinear dynamics, making optimization challenging, and typically relying on trial-and-error or extensive numerical simulations. Machine learning and metaheuristic algorithms offer more efficient optimization approaches. We report here an experimental study of supercontinuum spectral shaping by tuning the phase of the input pulses, different optimization approaches including a genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimizer, and simulated annealing.

Natural history of dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar aneurysms: a multinational study.

Objective: Dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar aneurysms (DVBAs) are expansions of arterial tissue leading to aneurysmal formations without an obvious neck. Their natural history is poorly understood; usually patients are admitted with thromboembolic complications and/or neurological symptoms from the mass effect. There have not been international collective data, and correct timing for highly risky treatments has been under discussion.

Optimizing neurosurgery clinic operations: a comparative study of interventions in Finland's public healthcare system.

Background: The Finnish public healthcare system aims to ensure equal access to health services for all but faces challenges in meeting the demand for specialized care, such as neurosurgery, due to resource constraints. This study investigates interventions to increase resources at a neurosurgery outpatient clinic to improve patient care without compromising waiting times for diagnoses and treatments, leveraging Finland's unique healthcare landscape.

Methods: The study was conducted at Kuopio University Hospital's Department of Neurosurgery, the sole provider of neurosurgical care in Eastern Finland.

"You should have addressed it directly": the ideals and ideologies of managing interaction problems in healthcare work.

Purpose: An "open communication culture" in the workplace is considered a key contributor to high-quality interaction and providing means to address problems at work. We study how the ideals of "open communication" operate in healthcare.

Design/methodology/approach: We use discourse analysis to investigate the audio-recorded data from 14 workshop team discussions in older people services.

Burr-hole drainage with or without irrigation for chronic subdural haematoma (FINISH): a Finnish, nationwide, parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Chronic subdural haematoma is a common surgically treated intracranial emergency. Burr-hole drainage surgery, to evacuate chronic subdural haematoma, involves three elements: creation of a burr hole for access, irrigation of the subdural space, and insertion of a subdural drain. Although the subdural drain has been established as beneficial, the therapeutic effect of subdural irrigation has not been addressed.

Hemodynamic Bedside Monitoring Instrument with Pressure and Optical Sensors: Validation and Modality Comparison.

Results from two independent clinical validation studies for measuring hemodynamics at the patient's bedside using a compact finger probe are reported. Technology comprises a barometric pressure sensor, and in one implementation, additionally, an optical sensor for photoplethysmography (PPG) is developed, which can be used to measure blood pressure and analyze rhythm, including the continuous detection of atrial fibrillation. The capabilities of the technology are shown in several form factors, including a miniaturized version resembling a common pulse oximeter to which the technology could be integrated in.

Pathological Character of Modifications to Coincident General Relativity: Cosmological Strong Coupling and Ghosts in f(Q) Theories.

The intrinsic presence of ghosts in the symmetric teleparallel framework is elucidated. We illustrate our general arguments in f(Q) theories by studying perturbations in the three inequivalent spatially flat cosmologies. Two of these branches exhibit reduced linear spectra, signalling they are infinitely strongly coupled.

Strategies to mitigate moral distress as reported by eldercare professionals.

Eldercare workers experience higher levels of moral distress than other health and social care service workers. Moral distress is a psychological response to a morally challenging event. Very little is known about moral distress in the context of eldercare and about the mechanisms of preventing or mitigating moral distress.

Method for measuring jugular venous pulse with a miniature gyroscope sensor patch.

The right internal jugular vein is connected to the right atrium of the heart via the superior vena cava, and consequently its pressure, known as the jugular venous pressure or the jugular venous pulse (JVP), is an important indicator of cardiac function. The JVP can be estimated visually from the neck but it is rather difficult and imprecise. In this article we propose a method to measure the JVP using a motion sensor patch attached to the neck.

Mechanocardiography detects improvement of systolic function caused by resynchronization pacing.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is commonly used to manage heart failure with dyssynchronous ventricular contraction. CRT pacing resynchronizes the ventricular contraction, while AAI (single-chamber atrial) pacing does not affect the dyssynchronous function. This study compared waveform characteristics during CRT and AAI pacing at similar pacing rates using seismocardiogram (SCG) and gyrocardiogram (GCG), collectively known as mechanocardiogram (MCG).

Development and clinical validation of a miniaturized finger probe for bedside hemodynamic monitoring.

Our aim is to develop a blood pressure (BP) measurement technology that could be integrated into a finger-worn pulse oximeter, eliminating the need for a brachial cuff. We present a miniature cuffless tonometric finger probe system that uses the oscillometric method to measure BP. Our approach uses a motorized press that is used to apply pressure to the fingertip to measure BP.

Effect of xenon on brain injury, neurological outcome, and survival in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a neurological emergency, affecting a younger population than individuals experiencing an ischemic stroke; aSAH is associated with a high risk of mortality and permanent disability. The noble gas xenon has been shown to possess neuroprotective properties as demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal studies. In addition, a recent study demonstrated that xenon could attenuate a white matter injury after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Recurrence of arteriovenous malformations of the brain after complete surgical resection. Kuopio University Hospital experience and systematic review of the literature.

Treatment for arteriovenous malformations of the brain (bAVMs) aims to achieve complete removal or occlusion of the lesion in order to eradicate the risk of rupture and subsequent morbidity associated with these lesions. Despite initially successful treatment, bAVMs may carry a risk of recurrence especially in younger patients. We studied the rate of recurrence of surgically treated bAVMs at Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) in 1981-2021.

Hyperspectral Imaging in Brain Tumor Surgery-Evidence of Machine Learning-Based Performance.

Background: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has the potential to enhance surgical tissue detection and diagnostics. Definite utilization of intraoperative HSI guidance demands validated machine learning and public datasets that currently do not exist. Moreover, current imaging conventions are dispersed, and evidence-based paradigms for neurosurgical HSI have not been declared.

Impact of Intraprocedural Pressure Changes on Hemodynamic Outcome During Self-Expanding TAVR.

Introduction: During the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure, hemodynamic measurements can be used to evaluate transcatheter heart valve (THV) performance. We hypothesized that the occurrence of a significant decrease in invasive aortic pressure immediately after annular contact by a self-expanding THV indicates effective annular sealing. This phenomenon could thus be used as a marker for the occurrence of paravalvular leak (PVL).

Composition of Culturable Microorganisms in Dusts Collected from Sport Facilities in Finland during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Sport facilities represent extreme indoor environments due to intense cleaning and disinfection. The aim of this study was to describe the composition of the cultivated microbiota in dust samples collected in sport facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. A dust sample is defined as the airborne dust sedimented on 0.

Elderly Care Practitioners' Perceptions of Moral Distress in the Work Development Discussions.

Elderly care practitioners are at specific risk of experiencing prolonged moral distress, which is associated with occupational health-related problems, low job satisfaction, and staff turnover. So far, little attention has been paid to the moral concerns specific to elderly care, a field whose importance is constantly growing as the populations in Western countries age. By drawing on seven workshop conversations as data and interaction-oriented focus group research, conversation analysis and discursive psychology as methods, we aim to study the ways in which elderly care practitioners discuss moral distress in their work.

Should individual timeline and serial CT/MRI panels of all patients be presented in acute brain insult cohorts? A pilot study of 45 patients with decompressive craniectomy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Purpose: Our review of acute brain insult articles indicated that the patients' individual (i) timeline panels with the defined time points since the emergency call and (ii) serial brain CT/MRI slice panels through the neurointensive care until death or final brain tissue outcome at 12 months or later are not presented.

Methods: We retrospectively constructed such panels for the 45 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients with a secondary decompressive craniectomy (DC) after the acute admission to neurointensive care at Kuopio University Hospital (KUH) from a defined population from 2005 to 2018. The patients were indicated by numbers (1.

Mechanocardiography-Based Measurement System Indicating Changes in Heart Failure Patients during Hospital Admission and Discharge.

Heart failure (HF) is a disease related to impaired performance of the heart and is a significant cause of mortality and treatment costs in the world. During its progression, HF causes worsening (decompensation) periods which generally require hospital care. In order to reduce the suffering of the patients and the treatment cost, avoiding unnecessary hospital visits is essential, as hospitalization can be prevented by medication.