Prospective randomized trial of antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous renal biopsy.

Background: Infection is a rare complication of percutaneous renal biopsy (RB). However, the questionnaire included in the Kidney Biopsy Guidebook 2020 in Japan revealed that antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) was administered at about 60% of hospitals. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether it is possible to omit AP for RB.

A Case of Radiation Nephropathy Complicated by Tubulointerstitial Nephritis with Predominantly Lymphocyte and Plasma Cell Infiltration.

A 64-year-old Japanese woman presented with gross hematuria and was diagnosed with stage IVB cervical cancer. Renal dysfunction was observed following chemoradiation therapy, and a renal biopsy revealed renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), which are atypical features of radiation nephropathy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed wedge-shaped areas of high contrast, consistent with areas of high radiation dose in the kidneys, thus leading to the diagnosis of radiation nephropathy.

Protocol for the nationwide registry of patients with polycystic kidney disease: japanese national registry of PKD (JRP).

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) are major genetic polycystic kidney diseases that can progress to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Longitudinal data on the clinical characteristics associated with clinical outcomes in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), including the development of ESKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are lacking in Japan. To address this unmet need the authors are establishing a novel, web-based, Nationwide Cohort Registry Study-the Japanese Registry of PKD (JRP).

Nafamostat Mesylate for the Hypercoagulable State of SARS-CoV-2 With Renal Replacement Therapy: A Case Report.

Being a dialysis patient is one of the risks for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. In addition, there have been many reports of coagulation abnormalities in severe COVID-19 cases; these also make dialysis management more difficult. In this study, we report a case of severe COVID-19 in a hemodialysis patient who had coagulation in the dialysis circuit with unfractionated heparin (UFH), which could be managed without intracircuit obstruction when nafamostat mesylate (NM) was used in combination with unfractionated heparin.

Public support for patients with intractable diseases in Japan: impact on clinical indicators from nationwide registries in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend antihypertensive and tolvaptan therapies for patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in Japan. However, tolvaptan therapy may pose an economic burden. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare supports patients with intractable diseases.

Comparison of the acceptability and safety of molnupiravir in COVID-19 patients aged over and under 80 years.

Background: Molnupiravir is being widely used as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, its acceptability and safety in older patients aged ≥ 80 years in real-world clinical practice is not well understood.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre retrospective study and assessed the outcome of patients with COVID-19 treated with molnupiravir according to the following criteria: (A) discontinuation rate of molnupiravir; (B) type, frequency, and severity of adverse events; (C) all-cause mortality within 30 days of the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Results: Forty-seven patients (46.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous renal biopsy: study protocol for a prospective randomized trial.

Background: The major complication of renal biopsy is bleeding. Infection is an extremely rare complication of percutaneous renal biopsy, providing sterile techniques are used and bowel perforation does not occur. However, the questionnaire included in the Kidney Biopsy Guidebook 2020 in Japan reported that antibiotic prophylaxis was administered to patients undergoing percutaneous renal biopsy at 61% of 170 adult institutions and 57% of 54 pediatric institutions.

Peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Rhodococcus corynebacterioides.

A 57-year-old Japanese man on peritoneal dialysis developed peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by Rhodococcus corynebacterioides. After the introduction of peritoneal dialysis, he had experienced four episodes of peritonitis, but the causative organism was not identified in any of episode. When he was hospitalized for the fifth episode of peritonitis, Rhodococcus corynebacterioides was detected in the ascitic fluid.

Safety of Remdesivir for Patients 80 Years of Age or Older with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Background And Objective: Although older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at the high risk of exacerbation that requires treatment with remdesivir, the safety of this medication is unclear in clinical practice, especially among older patients. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the safety of remdesivir in older patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization in our institute.

Methods: We reviewed patients with COVID-19 who were treated with remdesivir at our institute between July 2020 and May 2021.

Acute rhabdomyolysis in a young woman with moderate COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is having serious medical, social, and economic impacts worldwide. COVID-19 may lead to a variety of complications, including rhabdomyolysis. Although rhabdomyolysis is a rare complication, it can lead to severe kidney damage.

Nivolumab-associated glomerular endothelial injury in a patient with gastric cancer.

A 68-year-old male with gastric cancer was treated with tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil and oxaliplatin for 6 months. Thereafter, he was treated with paclitaxel and ramucirumab for 3 months. However, neither regimen had much effect.

Successful Sodium Level Correction with a 3% Saline Bolus before Intermittent Hemodialysis for a Patient with Severe Hyponatremia Accompanied by Acute Kidney Injury.

A 60-year-old man presented to the emergency department with lightheadedness. He had severe hyponatremia (109 mEq/L) complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) (serum creatinine: 9.08 mg/dL).

Treatment for renal anemia and outcomes in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease: the current status of regional medicine according to the Kyoto Fushimi Renal Anemia (KFRA) study.

Background: The baseline data obtained in the CKD-JAC demonstrated that insufficient treatment was being provided for renal anemia by institutions specializing in renal disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the status of treatment for renal anemia, including renal/cardiovascular outcomes and mortality, at regional medical facilities since the development of long-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (LA-ESA).

Methods: Non-dialysis outpatients with chronic kidney disease and renal anemia were eligible.

Idiopathic immune complex-mediated tubulointerstitial nephritis with hypocomplementemia and neutrophil-rich interstitial infiltrates .

A 69-year-old man presented with acute kidney injury, hypocomplementemia, antinuclear antibody, and anti-dsDNA antibody. He had no signs of systemic lupus erythematosus or Sjögren syndrome. He had not begun taking any new drugs in the preceding 6 months.

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with unusual deposits of parallel arrangement striated structure: a new pathological entity? .

A 71-year-old male with a past history of lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans developed nephrotic syndrome and renal dysfunction. Renal biopsy showed diffuse global endocapillary proliferative lesions with infiltration of mononuclear cells and occasional foam cells. An irregular double contour of the glomerular basement membrane and global mild-to-moderate mesangial proliferative lesions were observed, indicating membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor .

Cetuximab is a chimeric human-murine monoclonal antibody that binds competitively and with high affinity to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and is used to treat advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. After receiving a total of six doses of cetuximab, a 72-year-old male presented with pretibial edema, acne-like skin rash, and nephrotic syndrome. The renal biopsy findings revealed features of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), with the expansion of the subendothelial zone, reduplication of the glomerular basement, and swelling of the endothelial cells.

Post-infectious acute glomerulonephritis with vasculitis and pulmonary hemorrhage.

An 84-year-old male complained of fever, cough, sputum, and appetite loss. His renal function rapidly worsened, and he had hypoalbuminemia and hypocomplementemia. His condition worsened and C-reactive protein levels were elevated.

Gamma 1-heavy chain deposition disease accompanied by IgG kappa in serum, urine, and bone marrow.

A 32-year-old Japanese woman presented with hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, microhematuria, and severe hypocomplementemia. Her serum creatinine concentration increased from 1.46 mg/dL (129.

Glomerular endotheliosis in a pregnant woman with severe gestational proteinuria.

Preeclampsia is the most common hypertensive disorder to occur during pregnancy. A healthy 38-year-old primipara presented with pretibial edema at 33 weeks of gestation followed by the development of proteinuria at 36 weeks of gestation. She had no past medical history of hypertension and was normotensive during gestation.

Chaga mushroom-induced oxalate nephropathy.

Chaga mushrooms have been used in folk and botanical medicine as a remedy for cancer, gastritis, ulcers, and tuberculosis of the bones. A 72-year-old Japanese female had been diagnosed with liver cancer 1 year prior to presenting at our department. She underwent hepatectomy of the left lobe 3 months later.

Inheritance of an autosomal recessive disorder, Gitelman's syndrome, across two generations in one family.

Gitelman's syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disorder; it is rarely inherited over several generations. A 16-year-old boy showed hypokalemia and hypocalciuria. Clinically, he was diagnosed as GS because of diuretic responsiveness to furosemide but not thiazide.

A rare case of malignant-phase hypertension with pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage.

Malignant-phase hypertension is characterized clinically by severe accelerating hypertension with neuroretinopathy or papilledema and by evidence of renal damage. A Japanese male in his early thirties presented with hemoptysis and general fatigue. He had a 5-year history of hypertension, but had not received any treatment.