Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma with localized relapse in bone marrow of lower leg detected using PET-CT.

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with poor prognosis, particularly in relapsed or refractory patients. Thus, timely detection of relapse and appropriate disease management are crucial. We present two patients with ENKTL, wherein positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with total-body coverage after induction therapy, detected newly relapsed regions in the bone marrow of the lower leg prior to progression.

Lung-Optimized Deep-Learning-Based Reconstruction for Ultralow-Dose CT.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the image properties of lung-specialized deep-learning-based reconstruction (DLR) and its applicability in ultralow-dose CT (ULDCT) relative to hybrid- (HIR) and model-based iterative-reconstructions (MBIR).

Materials And Methods: An anthropomorphic chest phantom was scanned on a 320-row scanner at 50-mA (low-dose-CT 1 [LDCT-1]), 25-mA (LDCT-2), and 10-mA (ULDCT). LDCT were reconstructed with HIR; ULDCT images were reconstructed with HIR (ULDCT-HIR), MBIR (ULDCT-MBIR), and DLR (ULDCT-DLR).

CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for lung metastases from colorectal cancer.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be a minimally invasive therapeutic option in patients with lung metastasis from colorectal caner. We aimed to elucidate the safety and survival benefit of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous RFA for lung metastasis from colorectal cancer.

Methods: A total 188 lesions were ablated in 43 patients from 2005 to 2017.

Pulmonary Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma with Spontaneous Regression after Computed Tomography-guided Needle Biopsy: A Case Report and Summary of 8 Reported Cases.

A 72-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a solitary right lung nodule. She had no symptoms and no abnormal physical findings except for bladder cancer. Tumor markers were mildly elevated but no other abnormal laboratory data were found.

Radiofrequency ablation for pulmonary metastases from gastrointestinal cancers.

The lung is one of the most common targets of metastases from gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Surgical treatment (i.e.

Pain control in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by percutaneous radiofrequency ablation: comparison of the efficacy of one-shot and continuous intravenous fentanyl delivery.

Background: Hepatic percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is usually performed with the patient under deep intravenous (i.v.) sedation or general anesthesia.

Comparison of CT-guided percutaneous biopsy with and without registration of prior PET/CT images to diagnose mediastinal tumors.

Purpose: To compare computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsy with and without registration of prior positron emission tomography (PET)/CT images in the diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.

Methods: We performed clinically indicated percutaneous biopsy in 106 patients with mediastinal tumors in the anterior (n = 61), posterior (n = 21), middle (n = 16), and superior mediastinum (n = 8). The final diagnosis was based on surgical outcomes, or imaging findings and the results of at least 6-month follow-up.

Radiofrequency ablation in a porcine kidney model: effect of occlusion of the arterial blood supply on ablation temperature, coagulation diameter, and histology.

Background: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is susceptible to the cooling effect of flowing blood. The reduced efficacy of RFA in large tumors reflects the in vivo biophysiological limitations imposed by perfusion-mediated vascular cooling.

Purpose: To compare the effects of RFA alone and of RFA combined with occlusion of the arterial blood supply on the tissue temperature, coagulation diameter, and histological changes in the acute phase.

Direct percutaneous embolization of an iatrogenic lumbar artery pseudoaneurysm following unsuccessful coil embolization.

A 56-year-old man with acute myeloleukemia was hospitalized for lumbar pain. Treatment with antibiotics failed to improve the symptoms. For the diagnosis of infiltration by leukemia we performed CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of the L2-L3 disc and the L3 vertebral body using a left posterolateral approach.

FDG-PET/CT-based gross tumor volume contouring for radiation therapy planning: an experimental phantom study.

As there is continuing controversy over the role of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT-fused imaging in radiation therapy (RT) planning, we performed a phantom study to assess the feasibility of FDG-PET/CT-based gross tumor volume (GTV) contouring. The phantom set, consisting of an elliptical bowl and 6 spheres measuring from 10-37 mm in diameter, were filled with FDG to obtain 3 source-to-background ratios (SBRs) of 4, 8, and 16. The ratio to maximum intensity at 5% intervals was applied as the threshold for contouring.

Sequential combination treatment (arterial embolization and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation) of inoperable renal cell carcinoma: single-center pilot study.

Background: Potential drawbacks of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) include local recurrence after RFA due to a limited ablation area, massive hemorrhage induced by kidney puncture, and difficulty in visualizing the tumor at CT-guided puncture.

Purpose: To evaluate retrospectively the technical success, effectiveness, and complications elicited in patients with unresectable RCC following single-session sequential combination treatment consisting of renal arterial embolization followed by RFA.

Material And Methods: Ten patients (12 RCCs) who were not candidates for surgery were included in this pilot study.

[A case of recurrent esophageal cancer with lymph node and lung metastases, successfully treated with systemic chemotherapy and radiofrequency-ablation].

We report a case of recurrent esophageal cancer with lymph node and lung metastases, successfully treated with systemic chemotherapy and radiofrequency-ablation(RFA). A 45-year-old man was diagnosed with thoracic esophageal cancer.Radical esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy was performed.

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for pulmonary metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: results of a multicenter study in Japan.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate technical success, effectiveness, complications, patient survival, and prognostic factors with percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation for pulmonary metastases resulting from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two patients from six institutions were included, with a total of 83 pulmonary metastases treated in 65 sessions. RF ablation was always performed percutaneously with computed tomography (CT) guidance.

Diaphragm perforation after radio-frequency ablation for metastatic lung cancer.

A case of diaphragm perforation after radio-frequency ablation (RFA) for lung metastasis from uterine cervical cancer is reported. The patient developed pelvic recurrence and solitary lung metastasis after a radical hysterectomy for uterine cervical cancer. Pelvic radiation and RFA for lung metastasis were performed.

Volume-doubling time of pulmonary nodules with ground glass opacity at multidetector CT: Assessment with computer-aided three-dimensional volumetry.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the volume-doubling time (VDT) of histologically proved pulmonary nodules showing ground glass opacity (GGO) at multidetector CT (MDCT) using computer-aided three-dimensional volumetry.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 47 GGO nodules (mixed n = 28, pure n = 19) that had been examined by thin-section helical CT more than once. They were histologically confirmed as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH, n = 13), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC, n = 22), and adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 12).

Effects of dual-energy subtraction chest radiography on detection of small pulmonary nodules with varying attenuation: receiver operating characteristic analysis using a phantom study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the detectability of simulated pulmonary nodules with different X-ray attenuation by flat-panel detector (FPD) chest radiography using a dual-exposure dual-energy subtraction (DES) technique.

Materials And Methods: Using a FPD radiography system, we obtained 108 sets of chest radiographs of a chest phantom. They consisted of 54 sets each of chest radiographs with and without simulated nodules.

Estimation of 123I-IMP arterial blood activity from dynamic planar imaging of the chest using a graph plot method for the quantification of regional cerebral blood flow.

Purpose: I-123-labeled N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine ((123)I-IMP) is used for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). A continuous or single arterial blood sampling (ABS) is necessary to estimate an integral of arterial input function (AIF) for the measurement of rCBF by using a microsphere model analysis. Therefore, a method of measuring rCBF without any blood sampling is desired.

Computer-aided volumetry of pulmonary nodules exhibiting ground-glass opacity at MDCT.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of results acquired with computer-aided volumetry software during MDCT of pulmonary nodules exhibiting ground-glass opacity.

Materials And Methods: To evaluate the accuracy of computer-aided volumetry software, we performed thin-section helical CT of a chest phantom that included simulated 3-, 5-, 8-, 10-, and 12-mm-diameter ground-glass opacity nodules with attenuation of -800, -630, and -450 HU. Three radiologists measured the volume of the nodules and calculated the relative volume measurement error, which was defined as follows: (measured nodule volume minus assumed nodule volume / assumed nodule volume) x 100.

Difference of sentinel lymph node identification between tin colloid and phytate in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: The advantages and disadvantages of technetium Tc 99m tin colloid and technetium Tc 99m phytate as tracers for sentinel node (SN) identification in patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer were examined retrospectively.

Methods: Sentinel node identification was conducted using tin colloid and phytate, respectively, in 73 and 74 patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer. We compared these two tracers in terms of identification rates, numbers of SNs, characteristics of patients whose SNs could not be identified, and the pathologic results of SNs.

Marking of small pulmonary nodules before thoracoscopic resection: injection of lipiodol under CT-fluoroscopic guidance.

Rationale And Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the usefulness and record the complications of preoperative lipiodol marking using computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopy for the intraoperative localization of 107 pulmonary nodules.

Methods: Lipiodol marking was performed under CT fluoroscopic guidance in 65 patients with 107 nodules. Of these, 65 (60.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing malignant pulmonary nodules/masses: comparison with positron emission tomography.

Introduction: Recent developments of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) make it possible to image malignant tumors to provide tissue contrast based on difference in the diffusion of water molecules among tissues, which can be measured by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. The aim of this study is to examine the usefulness of DWI for benign/malignant discrimination of pulmonary nodules/masses compared with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods: PET and DWI were carried out prospectively in 104 patients with 140 pulmonary nodules/masses before surgery.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can be used in place of positron emission tomography for N staging of non-small cell lung cancer with fewer false-positive results.

Objective: One of the deficiencies of positron emission tomography for N staging in lung cancer is a false-positive result caused by concurrent lymphadenitis. Recently, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has been reported to be able to image tumors of body organs. The aim of this study is to examine the usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for N staging of non-small cell lung cancer compared with positron emission tomography-computed tomography.