Ventilatory and circulatory responses at the onset of voluntary exercise and passive movement in sprinters.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of ventilatory and circulatory responses at the onset of voluntary exercise and passive movement in sprinters. Eleven male university sprinters and 11 male untrained subjects participated in the present study. Voluntary exercise consisted of leg extension-flexion movement for 20 s with weights corresponding to 5% of each subject's body mass attached to each ankle.