Long noncoding RNA EPCART regulates translation through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and PDCD4 in prostate cancer.

While hundreds of cancer-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered, their functional role in cancer cells is still largely a mystery. An increasing number of lncRNAs are recognized to function in the cytoplasm, e.g.

Identification of long noncoding RNAs with aberrant expression in prostate cancer metastases.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-most common cause of male cancer-related death in western industrialized countries, and the emergence of metastases is a key challenge in the treatment of PCa. Accumulating studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of diverse cellular and molecular processes during the development and progression of cancer. Here, we utilized a unique cohort of castration-resistant prostate cancer metastases (mCRPC) and corresponding localized tumors and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).

Expression and ERG regulation of PIM kinases in prostate cancer.

The three oncogenic PIM family kinases have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to examine the mRNA and protein expression levels of PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 in PCa and their associations with the MYC and ERG oncogenes. We utilized prostate tissue specimens of normal, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), untreated PCa, and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.

AR and ERG drive the expression of prostate cancer specific long noncoding RNAs.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in cancer development and progression, and some function in a highly cancer-specific manner. However, whether the cause of their expression is an outcome of a specific regulatory mechanism or nonspecific transcription induced by genome reorganization in cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated a group of lncRNAs that we previously identified to be aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer (PC), called TPCATs.

Androgen Receptor Deregulation Drives Bromodomain-Mediated Chromatin Alterations in Prostate Cancer.

Global changes in chromatin accessibility may drive cancer progression by reprogramming transcription factor (TF) binding. In addition, histone acetylation readers such as bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) have been shown to associate with these TFs and contribute to aggressive cancers including prostate cancer (PC). Here, we show that chromatin accessibility defines castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals PCAT5 as a Novel ERG-Regulated Long Noncoding RNA in Prostate Cancer.

Castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC) that arise after the failure of androgen-blocking therapies cause most of the deaths from prostate cancer, intensifying the need to fully understand CRPC pathophysiology. In this study, we characterized the transcriptomic differences between untreated prostate cancer and locally recurrent CRPC. Here, we report the identification of 145 previously unannotated intergenic long noncoding RNA transcripts (lncRNA) or isoforms that are associated with prostate cancer or CRPC.

New enveloped dsRNA phage from freshwater habitat.

Cystoviridae is a family of bacteriophages with a tri-segmented dsRNA genome enclosed in a tri-layered virion structure. Here, we present a new putative member of the Cystoviridae family, bacteriophage ϕNN. ϕNN was isolated from a Finnish lake in contrast to the previously identified cystoviruses, which originate from various legume samples collected in the USA.

Quality of emergency room care for atrial fibrillation.

Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in emergency rooms (ER). We surveyed the clinical characteristics and quality of care of AF patients in three emergency rooms in Helsinki, Finland.

Design: Observational data of the treatment of 179 consecutive symptomatic AF patients were prospectively collected.

Trends in serum cholesterol and lifestyle indicators in Members of the Finnish Parliament.

Objective: To examine the extent that public health promotion activity is reflected in life styles of national decision makers, by analysing trends in coronary heart disease risk factors in Members of the Finnish Parliament (MPs).

Methods: The MPs were studied at the beginning of two subsequent 4-year parliamentary periods between 1991 and 1999. The studies included analyses of serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and a questionnaire about alcohol, smoking and physical activity.

Serum cholesterol trends among members of the Finnish parliament.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND. Mortality from coronary heart disease in Finland has declined remarkably since the early 1970s. Most of the change has apparently been due to the active national strategy for reduction of serum cholesterol levels.

Attitude changes of general practitioners towards lowering LDL cholesterol.

Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated the benefit of lowering cholesterol in decreasing coronary complications. These results need to be implemented in clinical practice, where an important barrier are the attitudes of physicians.

Design: General practitioners in the city of Helsinki were asked to respond to two questionnaires sent to them by post 12 months apart (1996 and 1997); 284 responses were received in 1996 and 258 in 1997.

Magnesium and ascorbic acid supplementation in diabetes mellitus.

The effect of magnesium (Mg) and ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on metabolic control was assessed in 56 outpatient diabetics. A 90-day run-in period was followed by two 90-day treatment periods, during which Mg (600 mg/day) and AA (2 g/day) were administered in a randomized double-blind cross-over fashion. A decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (132 +/- 3 vs.

Relationship between the self-assessment and clinical assessment of health status and work ability.

Clinical assessments of health status and work ability were compared with subjective assessments reported on a questionnaire. The clinical examinations included cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and psychological measurements. The subjective work ability comprised an index based on estimations of work ability in relation to diseases, job demands, and psychological resources.

Carvedilol and atenolol once daily in the treatment of hypertension.

Fifty milligrams of carvedilol and 100 mg atenolol were administered in a random order once a day for 2 months to 43 patients with mild to moderate hypertension, in a double-blind crossover study. Blood pressure, heart rate and peripheral blood flow parameters (n = 11) were recorded 2 and 24 h after the drug administration. Supine blood pressure was the same 2 h after both carvedilol and atenolol administration, but carvedilol caused a greater decrease in standing systolic blood pressure 2 h after the administration (P less than 0.

Comparison of potassium alone and potassium-magnesium supplementation in patients with heart failure using hydrochlorothiazide.

Supplementation of potassium alone and in combination with magnesium was compared in 10 patients with chronic compensated heart failure receiving hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg twice daily for the whole trial. After a 3-week run-in period, the patients were randomized to receive active supplementation for 6 weeks in a double-blind cross-over manner. A 3-week wash-out period was kept in between.

Rapid reversal of circadian blood pressure rhythm in shift workers.

The blood pressure and heart rates of seven normotensive shift workers were monitored automatically for 24 h with a non-invasive ambulatory method on 3 different days. The first monitoring session took place at the end of an ordinary work period of morning shifts, the second on the first day of a period of night shifts, and the third on the last day of a period of night shifts. The circadian blood pressure rhythm, which showed a normal pattern during the daytime work shift, was totally reversed from the first day of the night shift.

Maintenance of potassium balance during long-term diuretic therapy in chronic heart failure patients with thiazide-induced hypokalemia: comparison of potassium supplementation with potassium chloride and potassium-sparing agents, amiloride and triamterene.

The relative efficacy of potassium chloride, amiloride and triamterene in maintaining potassium and magnesium balance was evaluated in 23 hypokalemic (S-K less than or equal to 3.5 mmol/l) patients with chronic heart failure receiving diuretic therapy. Amiloride and triamterene were administered in a randomized, crossover manner, followed by potassium chloride in an open manner.

Response of plasma endorphins, prolactin and catecholamines in women to intense heat in a sauna.

Concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir beta-E), corticotropin, cortisol, prolactin and catecholamines in plasma were followed in 11 healthy women during and after exposure to intense heat in a Finnish sauna bath, and compared to those in a similar control situation without exposure to heat. Heat stress significantly increased prolactin and norepinephrine secretion; the percentage increases from the initial plasma concentrations varied from 113 to 1280% (mean 510%) and from 18 to 150% (mean 86%), respectively. The response of the plasma levels of epinephrine, ir beta-E, corticotropin and cortisol to heat exposure was variable.

Exercise capacity and hemodynamics in persons aged 20 to 50 years with systemic hypertension treated with diltiazem and atenolol.

Hemodynamic responses and exercise capacity were studied during maximal exercise in 25 young hypertensive persons (mean age 40 years) taking placebo, diltiazem (mean 216 mg/day) and atenolol (mean 80 mg/day). The study was a crossover, double-blind, randomized trial, each medication period lasting 2 months. Sitting blood pressure (BP) was 160 +/- 19/109 +/- 8 mm Hg after run-in.

Comparison of the diuretic effects of single dose frusemide/triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride in healthy adults.

The diuretic and potassium- and magnesium-conserving action of a single dose of frusemide/triamterene, F + TRI (40 mg/50 mg), and hydrochlorothiazide/amiloride, HCT + AMI (50 mg/5 mg), fixed combination preparations were compared in ten healthy adults in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. Urinary volume during 24 hours was significantly higher after HCT + AMI ingestion than after F + TRI. The urine and sodium excretions caused by HCT + AMI lasted markedly longer and were smoother than the short and somewhat unpleasant effects of F + TRI.

Antihypertensive and biochemical effects of different doses of hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combination with triamterene.

The antihypertensive and biochemical effects of 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide alone or 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combination with triamterene (either 37.5 or 75 mg) once daily were studied in 26 patients with essential hypertension. After a 5-week run-in period the patients were randomized to receive active therapy in a cross-over manner.

Role of dietary potassium and magnesium in diuretic-treated patients with cardiac insufficiency.

The role of daily dietary intake of potassium and magnesium in the maintenance of potassium balance was studied in 104 digitalized outpatients with chronic cardiac insufficiency receiving 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide twice daily for 6 weeks. The food consumption data were collected once a week by the 24-hour recall method during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of the investigation. Serum potassium and magnesium values were followed throughout the study, and total body potassium was measured at the end.

The Finnish Pain Questionnaire: comparison of descriptions of pain in coronary heart disease and low back pain.

The verbal description of pain is the method most commonly used to study pain symptoms. The Finnish Pain Questionnaire has not been standardized yet. It is impossible to know which descriptors are typical of certain states of pain and which descriptors differentiate states of pain from each other.