The Overexpressed MicroRNAs miRs-182, 155, 493, 454, and U6 snRNA and Underexpressed let-7c, miR-328, and miR-451a as Potential Biomarkers in Invasive Breast Cancer and Their Clinicopathological Significance.

Introduction: Breast cancer comprises the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important factors with concern to carcinogenesis and have potential for use as biomarkers.

Methods: This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the microRNA expression in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type tissues compared with benign tissues via large-scale screening and the candidate-specific validation of 15 miRNAs and U6 snRNA applying qPCR and the examination of clinicopathological data.

Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Breast Cancer: Altered Expression Pattern Implicates Divergent Roles in Carcinogenesis.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Recent research indicates that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) may be linked to carcinogenesis, but the data remain controversial.

Methods: HERVs' expression was evaluated to show the differences between breast cancer and control samples, and their associations with clinicopathological parameters.

Long non-coding RNAs PTENP1, GNG12-AS1, MAGI2-AS3 and MEG3 as tumor suppressors in breast cancer and their associations with clinicopathological parameters.

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer worldwide and is the main cause of death from cancer in women. Novel biomarkers are highly warranted for this disease.

Objective: Evaluation of novel long non-coding RNAs biomarkers for breast cancer.

Mitochondrial organization and structure are compromised in fibroblasts from patients with Huntington's disease.

Huntington´s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with onset in adulthood that leads to a complete disability and death in approximately 20 years after onset of symptoms. HD is caused by an expansion of a CAG triplet in the gene for huntingtin. Although the disease causes most damage to striatal neurons, other parts of the nervous system and many peripheral tissues are also markedly affected.

Small non-coding RNA profiling in breast cancer: plasma U6 snRNA, miR-451a and miR-548b-5p as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Most cases are invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (NST breast carcinomas).

Methods And Results: In this prospective, multicentric biomarker discovery study, we analyzed the expression of small non-coding RNAs (mainly microRNAs) in plasma by qPCR and evaluated their association with NST breast cancer.

Ascites in ovarian cancer: MicroRNA deregulations and their potential roles in ovarian carcinogenesis.

Ovarian cancer comprises the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and is accompanied by the high potential for the incidence of metastasis, recurrence and chemotherapy resistance, often associated with a formation of ascitic fluid. The differentially expressed ascites-derived microRNAs may be linked to ovarian carcinogenesis. The article focuses on a number of miRNAs that share a common expression pattern as determined by independent studies using ascites samples and with regard to their functions and outcomes in experimental and clinical investigations.

Chronic DDE Exposure Modifies Mitochondrial Respiration during Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Mature Adipocytes.

The contribution of environmental pollutants to the obesity pandemic is still not yet fully recognized. Elucidating possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of their effects is of high importance. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic, 21-day-long, 2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichlorethylenedichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis on mitochondrial oxygen consumption on days 4, 10, and 21.

Complex Interplay of Genes Underlies Invasiveness in Fibrosarcoma Progression Model.

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumours, with a great variability in their clinical behaviour. While our knowledge of sarcoma initiation has advanced rapidly in recent years, relatively little is known about mechanisms of sarcoma progression. JUN-murine fibrosarcoma progression series consists of four sarcoma cell lines, JUN-1, JUN-2, JUN-2fos-3, and JUN-3.

Evaluation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Sepsis: A Randomized Controlled Porcine Study.

Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has elicited considerable interest as an adjunctive therapy in sepsis. However, the encouraging effects of experiments with MSC in rodents have not been adequately studied in large-animal models with better relevance to human sepsis. Here, we aimed to assess safety and efficacy of bone marrow-derived MSCs in a clinically relevant porcine model of progressive peritonitis-induced sepsis.

Mitochondrial respiration of adipocytes differentiating from human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue.

Burden of obesity is increasing in the contemporary world. Although multifactorial in origin, appropriate mitochondrial function of adipocytes emerges as a factor essential for healthy adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue function. Our study aimed to evaluate mitochondrial functions of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis.

Urothelial Cancer Stem Cell Heterogeneity.

Urothelial carcinoma is a tumor type featuring pronounced intertumoral heterogeneity and a high mutational and epigenetic load. The two major histopathological urothelial carcinoma types - the non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma - markedly differ in terms of their respective typical mutational profiles and also by their probable cells of origin, that is, a urothelial basal cell for muscle-invasive carcinomas and a urothelial intermediate cell for at least a large part of non-muscle-invasive carcinomas. Both non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas can be further classified into discrete intrinsic subtypes based on their typical transcriptomic profiles.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Attenuates Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Resuscitated Porcine Progressive Sepsis.

Objectives: To investigate the potential benefits of vagus nerve stimulation in a clinically-relevant large animal model of progressive sepsis.

Design: Prospective, controlled, randomized trial.

Setting: University animal research laboratory.

Repeated exposure to hyperbaric hyperoxia affects mitochondrial functions of the lung fibroblasts.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, i.e. breathing pure oxygen under increased environmental pressures serves as a treatment for diverse medical conditions.

Variability of mitochondrial respiration in relation to sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction.

Ample experimental evidence suggests that sepsis could interfere with any mitochondrial function; however, the true role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction is still a matter of controversy. This review is primarily focused on mitochondrial oxygen consumption in various animal models of sepsis in relation to human disease and potential sources of variability in experimental results documenting decrease, increase or no change in mitochondrial respiration in various organs and species. To date, at least three possible explanations of sepsis-associated dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory system and consequently impaired energy production have been suggested: 1.

Cell-Free Urinary MicroRNAs Expression in Small-Scale Experiments.

Cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) have become one of the novel promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various diseases recently. Blood serum and plasma along with urine are the most common sources of clinically well, almost noninvasively available samples containing various types of miRNAs. Here, we present a protocol for a small-scale study investigating expression of several candidate miRNAs.

Absence of BRAF mutation in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (PHEO/PARA) are rare endocrine tumors originating from the adrenal medulla. More than 20 genes are involved in the tumorigenesis of these tumors, but a substantial part of the causative genetic events remains unexplained. A recent study has reported the presence of the activating BRAF V600E mutation in PCC, suggesting a role for BRAF activation in tumor development.

Long term pharmacotherapy by methylfenidate or atomoxetine DAT 1 10/10 ADHD children in correlation with results of the imaging methods.

Objectives: ADHD is one of the most significant diagnostic units in child and adolescent psychiatry. The occurrence in children is 5-6% and 50-80% continued to adult age. The presence of individual genes (polymorphism) on particular symptoms and processes in ADHD are not known.

Complete diagnostics and clinical approach for a female patient with unusual glioblastoma: A case study.

The present study reports a case of a 44-year-old female patient with a large frontal lobe tumor who underwent surgery using a modern navigation system SonoWand that combines the advantages of a non-frame navigation system with intraoperative real-time ultrasound imaging. The right frontal lobe tumor consisted of two morphologically different sections. A diffuse astrocytoma grade II and a glioblastoma grade IV were identified.

Reverse asymmetry and changes in brain structural volume of the basal ganglia in ADHD, developmental changes and the impact of stimulant medications.

We discussed the cross section studies and the meta-analysis of published data in children and adolescents with ADHD (both drug naive and receiving stimulant medications), in comparison with healthy children and adolescents of the same age. In children and adolescents with ADHD the deceleration of the maturation dynamics of discrete CNS structures is found, volume reduction and decreased grey matter in prefrontal and occipital regions, which is accompanied by reverse asymmetry of the basal ganglia volume (putamen, nucleus caudate). The above mentioned developmental characteristics are valid only for the ADHD children, who have not been treated by stimulant medications.

New perspectives in diagnosis of gynaecological cancers: Emerging role of circulating microRNAs as novel biomarkers.

Early diagnosis is a prerequisite of the more successful treatment of cancer. In gynaecological cancers, such as ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancers, the recent efforts are aimed at finding novel diagnostic biomarkers to help reduce the worldwide health burden associated with these cancers. In this review, we focus on the recent research progress in circulating, particularly cell-free microRNAs expression achieved in ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancers showing an opportunity to find novel diagnostic biomarkers for these malignant diseases.

Evaluation of Cell-Free Urine microRNAs Expression for the Use in Diagnosis of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers. A Pilot Study.

Among gynaecological cancers, epithelial ovarian cancers are the most deadly cancers while endometrial cancers are the most common diseases. Efforts to establish relevant novel diagnostic, screening and prognostic markers are aimed to help reduce the high level of mortality, chemoresistance and recurrence, particularly in ovarian cancer. MicroRNAs, the class of post-transcriptional regulators, have emerged as the promising diagnostic and prognostic markers associated with various diseased states recently.

Clinical relevance of CD157 for rapid and cost-effective simultaneous evaluation of PNH granulocytes and monocytes by flow cytometry.

Introduction: CD157 has been reported as a potentially useful marker for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) testing by flow cytometry (FCM).

Methods: We determined the performance characteristics of a CD157-based five-color assay and compared results from patient analysis with results obtained with a previously validated CD14/CD24-based six-color protocol.

Results: Coefficient of variation (CV) for intra-/interassay precision analysis of granulocytes ranged from 0.

Heterochromatin variants in human karyotypes: a possible association with reproductive failure.

Heterochromatin variants are commonly found during cytogenetic examinations, and chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y are commonly involved in these variations. These variants are believed to be clinically insignificant variations in human karyotypes. Nevertheless, reproductive failure has been frequently discussed as possibly being associated with these variants.

Novel mutations of PKD genes in the Czech population with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary renal disorder caused by mutation in either one of two genes, PKD1 and PKD2. High structural and sequence complexity of PKD genes makes the mutational diagnostics of ADPKD challenging. The present study is the first detailed analysis of both PKD genes in a cohort of Czech patients with ADPKD using High Resolution Melting analysis (HRM) and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA).