Metastatic Malignant Granular Cell Tumor in the Lymph Node: A Cytological Report With Immunocytochemical Analysis.

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are relatively rare, whereas malignant GCTs are extremely rare. This brief report describes a cytological case of metastatic malignant GCT in the lymph node with immunocytochemical analysis. A 77 years old Japanese female with a history of surgical resection for malignant GCT in the back 8 years earlier presented with swelling of the right neck.

New species of (Pinnipedia: Odobenidae) from the Lower Pleistocene of the North Atlantic shows similar feeding adaptation independent to the extant walrus ().

is one of the most notable extinct odobenines owing to its global distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. Originating in the Late Miocene of the western North Pacific, this lineage quickly spread to the Atlantic Ocean during the Pliocene, with notable occurrences in England, Belgium, The Netherlands, Morocco and the eastern seaboard of the United States. Reassessment of a pair of mandibles from the Lower Pleistocene of Norwich (United Kingdom) and a mandible from the Upper Pliocene of Antwerp (Belgium) that were referred to as reveals existences of features of both and .

What explains the well-being benefits of physical activity? A mixed-methods analysis of the roles of participation frequency and social identification.

Objective: Physical activity in a social setting is said to be associated with well-being because it provides opportunities for participants to form social relationships. However, there are inconsistent findings regarding the well-being benefits of participating in physical activity with others. To address this inconclusive evidence, we draw on the social identity approach to health and well-being to examine whether (a) the frequency of physical activity participation in a social setting and (b) the degree of social identification associated with it, have different relationships with participants' well-being.

New genicular joint angle criteria for flexor muscle () during the terrestrial mammals walking.

Background: The genicular or knee joint angles of terrestrial mammals remain constant during the stance phase of walking; however, the angles differ among taxa. The knee joint angle is known to correlate with taxa and body mass among extant mammals, yet several extinct mammals, such as desmostylians, do not have closely related descendants. Furthermore, fossils lose their soft tissues by the time they are unearthed, making body mass estimates difficult.

An Early Miocene kentriodontoid (Cetacea: Odontoceti) from the western North Pacific, and its implications for their phylogeny and paleobiogeography.

So-called 'kentriodontids' are extinct dolphin-like odontocetes known from the Early to Late Miocene worldwide. Although recent studies have proposed that they were monophyletic, their taxonomic relationships still remain controversial. Such a controversy exists partly because of the predominance of primitive morphologies in this taxon, but the fact is that quite a few 'kentriodontids' are known only from fragmentary skulls and/or isolated periotics.

Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults.

Objective: Metformin, a medicine used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, was previously reported to suppress age-dependent hyperproliferation of intestinal stem cells in Drosophila. Here, we aimed to investigate its anti-aging effects on other tissues, such as adult muscle and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the anti-ageing effect.

Materials And Methods: To evaluate the anti-muscle ageing effect of Metformin, we visualized ubiquitinated protein aggregates accumulated in adult muscle as the flies age by immunostaining and measured the total pixel size of the aggregates.

A Randomized Controlled Phase 2 Study of Neoadjuvant Eribulin Versus Paclitaxel in Women with Operable Breast Cancer: The JONIE-3 Study.

Objective: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is essential for surgical downstaging of early-stage breast cancer, but taxane administration is associated with neuropathy. We investigated whether eribulin induces less neuropathy than paclitaxel.

Methods: In this multicentre, randomised study (UMIN000012817), patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between December 2013 and April 2016 were randomly assigned to group E (eribulin followed by fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide; FEC) or group P (paclitaxel followed by FEC).

Potential Factors Contributing to Ozone Production in AQUAS-Kyoto Campaign in Summer 2020: Natural Source-Related Missing OH Reactivity and Heterogeneous HO/RO Loss.

This study presents total OH reactivity, ancillary trace species, HO reactivity, and complex isoprene-derived RO reactivity due to ambient aerosols measured during the air quality study (AQUAS)-Kyoto campaign in September, 2020. Observations were conducted during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic (associated with reduced anthropogenic emissions). The spatial distribution of missing OH reactivity highlights that the origin of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be from natural-emission areas.

Strontium-89 plus zoledronic acid versus zoledronic acid for patients with painful bone metastatic breast cancer.

Introduction: β-ray strontium-89 (Sr-89) intra-irradiation therapy has been approved and clinically used to reduce bone metastasis pain not alleviated by bone-modifying agents, external radiation, and analgesic agents. We examined the efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZOL) and Sr-89 combination therapy compared with ZOL alone in breast cancer patients with bone metastases.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on breast cancer patients with bone metastasis to compare the efficacy between ZOL monotherapy and ZOL plus Sr-89 combination therapy.

Paleogenomics reveals independent and hybrid origins of two morphologically distinct wolf lineages endemic to Japan.

Little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of gray wolves in the Pleistocene across low-latitude regions of Eurasia. In Japan, a small-bodied endemic subspecies of Japanese wolves existed and went extinct in the early 1900s. The fossil record indicates that a giant wolf, which reached 70 cm in body height, inhabited Japan during the Pleistocene, but its evolutionary relationship, if any, with the Japanese wolf remains uncertain.

Predictive factors for false negatives following sentinel lymph node biopsy in early oral cavity cancer.

Prophylactic elective neck dissection (ND) with navigation surgery using radioisotope-based sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is non-inferior to elective ND in terms of survival but has an advantage in postoperative functional disability. We conducted a subgroup analysis to identify predictive factors for false-negative (FN)-SLNB in patients with early oral cavity cancer. This study is a supplementary analysis using the dataset of a previously reported randomized clinical trial on SLN navigation surgery for oral cancers.

Latent changes in the pharyngeal stage of swallowing in non-aspirating older adults.

Purpose: The characteristic changes in the swallowing mechanism with aging are collectively termed presbyphagia. Although several studies have investigated presbyphagia in older adults, few have assessed oldest-old adults. We aimed to characterize the latent changes of swallowing function in oldest-old adults and to consider risk ages for presbyphagia.

Ancient DNA reveals multiple origins and migration waves of extinct Japanese brown bear lineages.

Little is known about how mammalian biogeography on islands was affected by sea-level fluctuations. In the Japanese Archipelago, brown bears () currently inhabit only Hokkaido, the northern island, but Pleistocene fossils indicate a past distribution throughout Honshu, Japan's largest island. However, the difficulty of recovering ancient DNA from fossils in temperate East Asia has limited our understanding of their evolutionary history.

The oldest fossil record of the extant genus (Odontoceti, Ziphiidae) from the Middle to Late Miocene boundary of the western North Pacific.

A new species of a beaked whale that belongs to the extant genus is described from the Middle to Late Miocene boundary age Tsurushi Formation ( 12.3-11.5 Ma) on the Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Neck Dissections Based on Sentinel Lymph Node Navigation Versus Elective Neck Dissections in Early Oral Cancers: A Randomized, Multicenter, and Noninferiority Trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare patients with early oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) (tumor category [T] 1-2, node-negative, and no distant metastasis) treated with traditional elective neck dissection (ND) with those managed by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using survival and neck function and complications as end points.

Methods: Sixteen institutions in Japan participated in the study (trial registration number: UMIN000006510). Patients of age ≥ 18 years with histologically confirmed, previously untreated OCSCC (Union for International Cancer Control TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors 7th edition T1-2, node-negative no distant metastasis), with ≥ 4 mm (T1) depth of invasion, were randomly assigned to undergo standard selective ND (ND group; n = 137) or SLNB-navigated ND (SLNB group; n = 134).

A case of contralateral inguinal lymph node metastases from breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is well known to tends to invade through the lymphatic chains mainly to the axillary and subclavian nodes or occasionally to the internal mammary nodes. However, inguinal lymph node metastasis from breast cancer is extremely rare.

Case Presentation: We have experienced a case of an 82-year-old woman showing left inguinal lymph node metastases from right breast cancer.

A new kentriodontid (Cetacea: Odontoceti) from the early to middle Miocene of the western North Pacific and a revision of kentriodontid phylogeny.

A new species of an extinct dolphin belonging to the kentriodontids, i.e., sp.

Risk of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patulous Eustachian Tube.

Objective: To investigate whether the long-term presence of a patulous Eustachian tube (PET) is associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Impact of the Relative Dose Intensity of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Anthracycline Followed by Taxane on the Survival of Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-negative Breast Cancer: The JONIE1 Study.

Background/aim: We evaluated the impact of the relative dose intensity (RDI) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on the survival of patients with breast cancer (BC).

Patients And Methods: This randomized phase II trial included 188 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative BC treated with anthracycline followed by paclitaxel as NAC. We grouped patients using a relative dose intensity (RDI) threshold of 85% and evaluated clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes.

Prediction of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer by combining magnetic resonance imaging and core needle biopsy.

Background: Pathological complete response (pCR) is often achieved by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), particularly in hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is the most reliable imaging modality to evaluate the pathological effect of NAC. Ultrasonography is indispensable to collect representative specimens from the target lesion by core needle biopsy (CNB).

Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a pathophysiological biomarker of early-stage acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis among pigeon fanciers.

Background: Identifying early stages of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is hampered by variable presentation, heterogeneous or undetected causal antigens and lack of gold-standard biomarkers. Krebs von den Lungen (KL)-6 is pathophysiological biomarker of alveolar epithelial damage. Pigeon fanciers, susceptible to HP, provide a model to investigate early HP.

The oldest record of the Steller sea lion (Schreber, 1776) from the early Pleistocene of the North Pacific.

The extant genera of fur seals and sea lions of the family Otariidae (Carnivora: Pinnipedia) are thought to have emerged in the Pliocene or the early Pleistocene in the North Pacific. Among them, the Steller sea lion () is the largest and distributed both in the western and eastern North Pacific. In contrast to the limited distribution of the current population around the Japanese Islands that is now only along the coast of Hokkaido, their fossil records have been known from the middle and late Pleistocene of Honshu Island.

Attenuation of relaxing response induced by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in bronchial smooth muscle of experimental asthma.

Bronchomotor tone is regulated by contraction and relaxation of airway smooth muscle (ASM). A weakened ASM relaxation might be a cause of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a characteristic feature of bronchial asthma. Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is known as a mediator that causes ASM relaxation.