Cyanidin and cyanidin-3-glucoside derived from Vigna unguiculata act as noncompetitive inhibitors of pancreatic lipase.

The consumption of legumes positively correlated with the reduction of body weight. In the present study, we identified and evaluated pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Vigna unguiculata and unraveled their mode of inhibition. The highly sensitive fluorometric method was adopted to access the pancreatic lipase activity and the ethanolic extract of Vigna unguiculata showed the maximum inhibition (IC of 15.

Tofu and fish oil independently modulate serum lipid profiles in rats: Analyses of 10 class lipoprotein profiles and the global hepatic transcriptome.

Soy protein and fish oil are food components that decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies demonstrated that these food components reduced serum cholesterol levels and suppressed hepatic lipogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of these food components remain unclear.

Mode of pancreatic lipase inhibition activity in vitro by some flavonoids and non-flavonoid polyphenols.

Numerous reports have shown plant metabolites as potential inhibitors of pancreatic lipase (PL). The most notable group is plant polyphenols. However, a limited number of reports diagnosed their mode of inhibition delineating conflicting results.

Tea polyphenols as novel and potent inhibitory substances against renin activity.

Renin inhibitory activities of three tea products were investigated for the first time in this work. Water extracts from fermented oolong and black tea showed strong renin inhibitory activities. By the means of ultrafiltration, gradient high performance liquid chromatography and spectroscopic analysis, four active compounds were separated from aqueous black tea extract and identified as theasinensin B, theasinensin C, strictinin, and a hexose sulfate with a galloyl moiety, which had IC50 values of 19.

Inhibitory effect of catechin-related compounds on renin activity.

Renin is a crucial enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system, and the inhibition of its activity is considered as a useful approach to the treatment of hypertension. The inhibitory effect of catechin-related compounds on renin was investigated in this work. It was found that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) possessed the strongest activity with an IC₅₀ value of 44.

Phenolic antioxidants in some Vigna species of legumes and their distinct inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase activities.

Phenolic extracts of 4 Vigna species of legumes (mung bean, moth bean, and black and red varieties of adzuki beans) were evaluated for phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory properties against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Results showed that adzuki bean varieties contain higher phenolic indexes than mung bean and moth beans. Adzuki bean (black) variety was found to be the most active 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide anion scavenger.

Simple, selective, and rapid quantification of 1-deoxynojirimycin in mulberry leaf products by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) occurs in mulberry and other plants and is a highly potent glycosidase inhibitor reported to suppress blood glucose levels, thus preventing diabetes. Derivatization is required for quantification of DNJ upon use of spectral detection methods. Because of this difficulty, the DNJ contents of mulberry-based food products are rarely stated, even if DNJ is their active component.

Purification and identification of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) in okara fermented by Bacillus subtilis B2 from Chinese traditional food (Meitaoza).

This study was to purify an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from okara (soy pulp) fermented by Bacillus subtilis B2 and to identify its chemical structure. Membrane dialysis, active charcoal, CM-Sepharose chromatography, and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were used in the purification, while positive mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry were used in the identification. The MS and NMR data showed that the purified alpha-glucosidase inhibitor was 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) with a molecular weight of 163 Da.

Continuous orally administered coffee enhanced the antigen-specific Th1 response and reduced allergic development in a TCR-transgenic mice model.

Coffee is a globally consumed beverage. Although recent studies have suggested that coffee reduced the risk of lifestyle-related diseases, there are few studies regarding allergic response. This study investigates the effects of orally administered coffee (91 ml/kg/d) on allergic responses using a T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic DO11.

Effects of sources of carbon and nitrogen on production of α-glucosidase inhibitor by a newly isolated strain of Bacillus subtilis B2.

This study examined production of α-glucosidase inhibitors by Bacillus subtilis B2 in Luria-Bertani (LB) fermentation with okara, soy powder, starch or pectin as additional source of carbon and nitrogen. All the fermentation broths of B. subtilis B2 exhibited gradual increase in α-glucosidase inhibitory activity during the fermentation process with or without supplemented source of carbon or nitrogen.

Orally administered bisphenol A disturbed antigen specific immunoresponses in the naïve condition.

Bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydoxyphenyl)propane; BPA] is an endocrine disrupter widely used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. We investigated the effects of orally administered BPA on antigen-specific responses of the naïve immune system.BPA was orally administered to T cell receptor transgenic mice, and the antigen-specific responses of immune cells were investigated.

Effect of dietary fat on skin reactivity against histamine, Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels and some serum parameters in mice.

Changes in diet may be associated with the increase in allergic disease; change to high-calorie and high-fat diets may be a factor. In this study our objective was to determine skin reactivity of histamine and serum cytokine concentrations in mice fed diets containing different amounts of fat. Histamine reactivity was performed on mice back skin and serum cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISA in mice injected with anti-CD3 antibody.

Comparative effects of non-gelatinized corn and rice starches on the life-span of ICR mice.

We compared the effects of non-gelatinized rice and corn starches on the life-span of ICR mice. Six groups of male ICR mice consisting of 30 animals each were maintained on purified experimental diets containing either corn or rice starch and different amounts of soybean oil (6, 12 or 24%) throughout their life-time. Plots of the survival rates of the mice indicate that rice compared to corn starch conferred a longer life-span to ICR mice, although a significant difference due to the starch type was only observed in the mice fed on the 24% fat diet (p=0.

Simple and rapid determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin in mulberry leaves.

A simple and rapid method for determining 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a potent glucosidase inhibitor present in mulberry leaves (Morus alba and Morus bombysis), by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) has been developed. DNJ was separated from extract of mulberry leaves on TSK gel Amide-80 column, which is a representative column for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. During post column detection, DNJ was detected by ELSD and concurrently identified by mass spectrometry.

Effects of isothiocyanates on tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by J774A.1 (BALB/c macrophage) cells.

The effects of isothiocyanates (ITCs) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by the J774A.1 mouse macrophage cell line stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined. Some individual ITCs examined showed a priming effect, which was expressed as pre-activation, but also inhibited the production of TNF-alpha with concomitant stimulation by LPS, as a triggering stimulant of TNF production.

Analysis of leukocyte rolling and migration--using inhibitors in the undisturbed microcirculation of the rat mesentery--on inflammatory stimulation.

Aim: Our aim was to develop a method of migration analysis using the undisturbed microcirculation of rat mesentery, and using the new method, analyze leukocyte migration in casein-induced inflammation.

Method: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were injected with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, or casein intraperitoneally. Following this, the rats were sacrificed and the mesentery tissue removed was fixed and stained with Giemsa.

Determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin in mulberry leaves using hydrophilic interaction chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection.

A simple and rapid method for determining 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a potent glucosidase inihibitor present in mulberry leaves (Morus alba and Morus bombysis), by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) has been developed. DNJ was separated from an extract of mulberry leaves on a TSKgel Amide-80 column, which is a representative column for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. During postcolumn detection, DNJ was detected by ELSD and concurrently identified by mass spectrometry.

Inhibitory effect of some flavonoids on tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line J774.1.

Certain naturally occurring flavonoids affect immunoregulatory activities in vitro and in vivo against cytokine production. Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is one of the major inflammatory cytokines, the effects of various dietary flavonoids on TNF-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774.1 cells were evaluated in vitro.

Inhibitory effects of several flavonoids on E-selectin expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

The present study investigates the suppressive effect of flavonoids on TNF-alpha-stimulated E-selectin expression on HUVECs by carrying out a comparative examination of the 37 flavonoids. Several flavonoids: fisetin, luteolin and apigenin (subclass of flavone), kaempferol and quercetin (flavonols), eriodictyol (flavanones), genistein (isoflavones) and butein (chalcone) exhibit the inhibitory effects. Considerations to the structure of flavonoids, the C2-C3 double bond of C-ring and 4-oxo functional group are essential for their inhibition activities.

An improved method for measuring vascular permeability in rat and mouse skin.

Introduction: We have improved a rodent vascular permeability measurement method employing fluorescent dye-labeled bovine serum albumin.

Methods: The incubation duration for direct fluorescent detection of skin injected with an inflammatory agent was decided based on regression curve parameters with the correlation coefficient obtained from the least squares method.

Results: A suitable incubation time was determined to be 2-6 h.