Large nonlinear optical magnetoelectric response in a noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal.

Weyl semimetals resulting from either inversion () or time-reversal () symmetry breaking have been revealed to show the record-breaking large optical response due to intense Berry curvature of Weyl-node pairs. Different classes of Weyl semimetals with both and symmetry breaking potentially exhibit optical magnetoelectric (ME) responses, which are essentially distinct from the previously observed optical responses in conventional Weyl semimetals, leading to the versatile functions such as directional dependence for light propagation and gyrotropic effects. However, such optical ME phenomena of (semi)metallic systems have remained elusive so far.

Circulating microRNA Panel for Prediction of Recurrence and Survival in Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients remain at substantial risk for recurrence and disease-related death, highlighting the unmet need of biomarkers for the assessment and identification of those in an early stage who would likely benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. To identify circulating miRNAs useful for predicting recurrence in early-stage LUAD, we performed miRNA microarray analysis with pools of pretreatment plasma samples from patients with stage I LUAD who developed recurrence or remained recurrence-free during the follow-up period. Subsequent validation in 85 patients with stage I LUAD resulted in the development of a circulating miRNA panel comprising miR-23a-3p, miR-320c, and miR-125b-5p and yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.

Pleural Invasion Depth of Disseminated Nodules in Patients with Stage IVa or Recurrent Thymoma: Assessment, Curative Impact, and Surgical Outcomes.

Background: Thymoma patients with pleural dissemination are difficult to manage, and their treatment strategy remains undefined. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic features of these patients, focusing on the association between the depth of pleural invasion and prognosis.

Methods: Between 2003 and 2019, the study identified 120 disseminated lesions in 20 thymoma patients.

SRGN-Triggered Aggressive and Immunosuppressive Phenotype in a Subset of TTF-1-Negative Lung Adenocarcinomas.

Background: Approximately 20% of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is negative for the lineage-specific oncogene Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) and exhibits worse clinical outcome with a low frequency of actionable genomic alterations. To identify molecular features associated with TTF-1-negative LUAD, we compared the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of LUAD cell lines. SRGN , a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan Serglycin, was identified as a markedly overexpressed gene in TTF-1-negative LUAD.

Phase III study of adjuvant gemcitabine compared with adjuvant uracil-tegafur in patients with completely resected pathological stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (WJTOG0101).

Background: Adjuvant oral uracil-tegafur (UFT) has led to significantly longer postoperative survival among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gemcitabine (GEM) monotherapy is also reportedly effective for NSCLC and has minor adverse events (AEs). This study compared the efficacy of GEM- versus UFT-based adjuvant regimens in patients with completely resected pathological stage (p-stage) IB-IIIA NSCLC.

Neoadjuvant pemetrexed plus cisplatin followed by pleurectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Purpose: Despite becoming the preferred surgical technique for malignant pleural mesothelioma, pleurectomy/decortication has received few prospective clinical trials. Therefore, the Japan Mesothelioma Interest Group conducted a prospective multi-institutional study to evaluate the feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by pleurectomy/decortication.

Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed, resectable malignant pleural mesothelioma underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy comprising pemetrexed 500 mg/m plus cisplatin 75 mg/m for 3 cycles, followed by pleurectomy/decortication.

Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by latent hepatic metastasis from a thymoma.

A 34-year-old woman visited our hospital because she had had abdominal bloating for 2 months. She had been diagnosed with invasive thymoma (WHO pathological type B2), for which she had undergone chemotherapy and total thymectomy 10 years previously. Six years previously, pleural dissemination was diagnosed and she had undergone right extra-pleural pneumonectomy.

Survival benefits of salvage surgery for primary lung cancer based on routine clinical practice.

Background: Premeditated induction chemotherapy followed by surgical resection is accepted as safe and effective. Studies on salvage surgery in patients with incompletely cured lung cancer are lacking. This study aimed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of salvage surgery.

Clinical features and prognostic impact of coexisting autoimmune disease other than myasthenia gravis in resected thymomas: analysis of a Japanese multi-institutional retrospective database.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the prevalence, clinical features and survival of patients with thymoma and non-myasthenia gravis autoimmune disease (NMAD) using a nationwide cohort.

Methods: The Japanese Association for Research on the Thymus nationwide database, which includes data from 32 institutions, was examined to clarify the prevalence and characteristics of NMAD associated with thymomas and elucidate the prognostic impact of NMAD for thymoma patients.

Results: Among the 2423 patients with thymomas who were surgically treated between 1991 and 2010, 114 (4.

CD109 regulates in vivo tumor invasion in lung adenocarcinoma through TGF-β signaling.

Stromal invasion is considered an important prognostic factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The mechanisms underlying the formation of tumor stroma and stromal invasion have been studied in the lung; however, they are still unclear. CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein highly expressed in several types of human malignant tumors including lung cancers.

CERS6 required for cell migration and metastasis in lung cancer.

Sphingolipids constitute a class of bio-reactive molecules that transmit signals and exhibit a variety of physical properties in various cell types, though their functions in cancer pathogenesis have yet to be elucidated. Analyses of gene expression profiles of clinical specimens and a panel of cell lines revealed that the ceramide synthase gene CERS6 was overexpressed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, while elevated expression was shown to be associated with poor prognosis and lymph node metastasis. NSCLC profile and in vitro luciferase analysis results suggested that CERS6 overexpression is promoted, at least in part, by reduced miR-101 expression.

Connective tissue growth factor produced by cancer‑associated fibroblasts correlates with poor prognosis in epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive neoplasm for which effective treatments are lacking. We often encounter mesothelioma cases with a profound desmoplastic reaction, suggesting the involvement of cancer‑associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in mesothelioma progression. While the roles of CAFs have been extensively studied in other tumors and have led to the view that the cancer stroma contains heterogeneous populations of CAFs, their roles in mesothelioma remain unknown.

Current status of surgery for clinical stage IA lung cancer in Japan: analysis of the national clinical database.

Purpose: As the number of cases of early lung cancer in Japan grows, an analysis of the present status of surgical treatments for clinical stage IA lung cancer using a nationwide database with web-based data entry is warranted.

Methods: The operative and perioperative data from 47,921 patients who underwent surgery for clinical stage IA lung cancer in 2014 and 2015 were obtained from the National Clinical Database (NCD) of Japan. Clinicopathological characteristics, surgical procedure, mortality, and morbidity were analyzed, and thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) were compared.

Randomized Phase III Study of Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin Versus Vinorelbine Plus Cisplatin for Completely Resected Stage II to IIIA Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of pemetrexed plus cisplatin versus vinorelbine plus cisplatin as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pathologic stage II-IIIA nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients And Methods: We performed a randomized, open-label, phase III study at 50 institutions within 7 clinical study groups in Japan. Patients with completely resected pathologic stage II-IIIA (TNM 7th edition) nonsquamous NSCLC were randomly assigned to receive either pemetrexed (500 mg/m, day 1) plus cisplatin (75 mg/m, day 1) or vinorelbine (25 mg/m, days 1 and 8) plus cisplatin (80 mg/m, day 1) with stratification by sex, age, pathologic stage, mutation, and institution.

Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 in suppression of T cell activation by quercetin.

Aim: Acute rejection is still a major problem in transplantation and one of the most important causes of late graft loss. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are widely used for suppression of T cell function to avoid graft rejection, but long-term use of these compounds is associated with serious toxicities. Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, has been demonstrated to exhibit cytoprotective effects through the induction of heme oxygenase (HO) -1, an enzyme involved in heme catabolism.

Clinical application of a surgical navigation system based on virtual thoracoscopy for lung cancer patients: real time visualization of area of lung cancer before induction therapy and optimal resection line for obtaining a safe surgical margin during surgery.

Background: We have developed a surgical navigation system that presents virtual thoracoscopic images using computed tomography (CT) image data, as if you are observing intra-thoracic cavity in synchronization with the real thoracoscopic view. Using this system, we made it possible to simultaneously visualize the 'area of lung cancer before induction therapy' and the 'optimal resection line for obtaining a safe surgical margin' as a virtual thoracoscopic view. We applied this navigation system in the clinical setting in operations for lung cancer patients with chest wall invasion after induction chemoradiotherapy.

Micro-computed tomography images of lung adenocarcinoma: detection of lepidic growth patterns.

Micro-computed tomography (µCT) provides extremely high-resolution images of samples and can be employed as a non-destructive inspection tool. Using µCT, we can obtain images comparable with microscopic images. In this work, we have attempted to take high-resolution images of the human lung using µCT.

Psoas muscle mass in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery: a prognostic difference between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

Background: Psoas muscle mass is a surrogate marker for sarcopenia: a depletion of skeletal muscle mass. This study was conducted to elucidate the prognostic significance of the psoas muscle index (PMI: cross-sectional area of the bilateral psoas muscle at the umbilical level on computed tomography/height [cm/m]) in patients undergoing surgery for lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (ADC).

Methods: One hundred and sixty-five patients with SCC and 556 patients with ADC who underwent R0 resection between 2007 and 2014 were reviewed for analysis.

Definitive Local Therapy for Oligo-recurrence in Patients With Completely Resected Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to elucidate a curable subgroup among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who developed postoperative recurrence.

Patients And Methods: Between 1986 and 2012, among the 1408 patients who underwent complete anatomic lung resection for NSCLC at our institution, 420 developed recurrence. After excluding 14 patients with insufficient information about recurrence, 406 were included in this retrospective study.

Primary peritoneal carcinoma with late-phase pulmonary metastases: a case report.

Background: Primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) is a very rare and aggressive type of malignancy with a poor prognosis.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with two pulmonary nodules that developed after PPC resection and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy administered 5 years earlier. Computed tomography revealed a 1.

＜Editors' Choice＞ Renewed Japanese spirometric reference variables and risk stratification for postoperative outcomes in COPD patients with resected lung cancer.

Although the lower limit of normal (LLN) of FEV1/FVC detects at-risk patients for postoperative outcomes among Japanese chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with resected lung cancer, there was a lack of a Japanese reference equation to calculate the LLN of FEV1/FVC. Renewed Japanese spirometric reference variables might enable us to verify clinical impact of the LLN of FEV1/FVC among the Japanese population. To evaluate the clinical impact of the LLN of FEV1/FVC by using this renewed reference, data were retrospectively analyzed from 609 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients who had undergone thoracic surgery between 2006 and 2011.