Inflammatory Rhabdomyoblastic Tumor: Clinicopathologic and Molecular Analysis of 13 Cases.

Inflammatory rhabdomyoblastic tumors (IRMTs) are newly recognized skeletal muscle tumors with uncertain malignant potential. We investigated 13 IRMTs using clinicopathologic, genetic, and epigenetic methods. The cohort included 7 men and 6 women, aged 23 to 80 years (median, 50 years), of whom 2 had neurofibromatosis type 1.

Tumefactive eosinophil-rich non-granulomatous small vessel vasculitis in the cerebrum in a patient with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.

The definite diagnosis of central nervous system vasculitis requires pathological verification by biopsy or surgical resection of the lesion, which may not always be feasible. A 74-year-old woman with a history of allergic rhinitis, but not asthma, presented with slowly progressive left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass involving the right internal capsule and corona radiata.

A dedifferentiated intracranial solitary fibrous tumor with osteosarcoma components: rapid tumor progression and lethal clinical course.

Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma is a mesenchymal tumor that originates from a common NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene and is known to very rarely demonstrate dedifferentiation in the pattern of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Here we describe for the first time a rare case of intracranial dedifferentiated solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma with osteosarcoma components that developed in an 84-year-old man after frequent gamma knife radiosurgery over a 14-year period. We performed tumor-debulking and gamma knife radiosurgery, but unfortunately the patient died shortly after the development of dedifferentiation.

Retraction Note: Hsa-miR-520d induces hepatoma cells to form normal liver tissues via a stemness-mediated process.

This paper has been retracted.

Indirubin, a Constituent of the Chinese Herbal Medicine Qing-Dai, Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Murine Colitis.

Background: Indirubin, a constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine "Qing-Dai," has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of indirubin for ameliorating colonic inflammation in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods: Mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute and chronic colitis were treated with indirubin in their diet.

Blood and lymphatic vessel invasion in pT1 colorectal cancer: an international concordance study.

Aim: This study was performed to evaluate the concordance in pathological assessments of blood and lymphatic vessel invasion (BLI) in pT1 colorectal cancers and to assess the effect of diagnostic criterion on consistency in the assessment of BLI.

Methods: Forty consecutive patients undergoing surgical resection of pT1 colorectal cancers were entered into this study. H&E-stained, D2-40-stained and elastica-stained slides from the tumours were examined by 18 pathologists from seven countries.

Proliferative fasciitis mimicking a sarcoma in a child: a case report.

Proliferative fasciitis (PF) is a benign, discrete proliferation of fibroblasts or myofibroblasts in soft tissue. Proliferative fasciitis mostly occurs in adults and is often confused with a sarcoma because of its rapid growth and peculiar histological features. We report a case of PF mimicking a sarcoma which developed in a 13-year-old boy, who noticed a painful tumor, with gradual enlargement, in his right lower leg.

Hsa-miR-520d induces hepatoma cells to form normal liver tissues via a stemness-mediated process.

The human ncRNA gene RGM249 regulates the extent of differentiation of cancer cells and the conversion of 293FT cells to hiPSCs. To identify the factors underlying this process, we investigated the effects of lentivirally inducing miR-520d expression in 293FT and HLF cells in vitro. Subsequently, we evaluated tumor formation in a xenograft model.

Pathological diagnostic criterion of blood and lymphatic vessel invasion in colorectal cancer: a framework for developing an objective pathological diagnostic system using the Delphi method, from the Pathology Working Group of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum.

Aims: The goal of this study is to create an objective pathological diagnostic system for blood and lymphatic vessel invasion (BLI).

Methods: 1450 surgically resected colorectal cancer specimens from eight hospitals were reviewed. Our first step was to compare the current practice of pathology assessment among eight hospitals.

Identification of the genes chemosensitizing hepatocellular carcinoma cells to interferon-α/5-fluorouracil and their clinical significance.

The incidence of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide, and its prognosis is extremely poor. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy is reportedly effective in some HCC patients. In the present study, to improve HCC prognosis, we identified the genes that are sensitizing to these agents.

Multiparameter analysis using cell cycle biomarkers for small-size lung adenocarcinoma: prognostic implications.

Cell cycle-related molecules play crucial roles in maintaining genomic stability, and can also serve as biomarkers of cell cycle phase distribution at the same time. In this study, we used multiparameter analysis of various biomarkers to investigate their utility for the evaluation of tumor proliferation activities and the prognosis of patients with small-size lung adenocarcinoma. We performed immunohistochemical analysis using five cell cycle-related biomarkers (MCM7, Ki-67, Geminin, Aurora A and H3S10ph) for 102 surgically resected small-size lung adenocarcinomas.

Retinoids ameliorate insulin resistance in a leptin-dependent manner in mice.

Unlabelled: Transgenic mice expressing dominant-negative retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α specifically in the liver exhibit steatohepatitis, which leads to the development of liver tumors. Although the cause of steatohepatitis in these mice is unknown, diminished hepatic expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 suggests that insulin resistance may be involved. In the present study, we examined the effects of retinoids on insulin resistance in mice to gain further insight into the mechanisms responsible for this condition.

The role of K ATP channels on ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testis.

Aims: To investigate the participation of K(ATP) channels on the ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced apoptosis in the rat testis.

Main Methods: Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control and IR rats without or with cromakalim (300 μg/kg intraperitoneally), 30 min before the induction of ischemia. The right testicular artery and vein were clamped to induce ischemia in the testis.

Pharmacological preconditioning of ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers on acute urinary retention-induced bladder dysfunction in the rat.

Unlabelled: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Acute urinary retention (AUR) and catheterization for AUR (AURC) or drainage of the urine is a well established cause of bladder dysfunction. Previously, we reported that the induction of AURC significantly reduced contractile responses to both carbachol and KCl compared with a control group, and that this reduction was prevented by nicorandil and cromakalim in a dose-dependent manner; however, although we reported a possible beneficial effect of nicorandil and cromakalim on bladder dysfunction caused by AURC, its molecular mechanism is still unknown. Our study establishes that nicorandil and cromakalim, but not glibenclamide, prevent AURC-induced bladder dysfunction via up-regulation of both K(IR)6.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts and CD163-positive macrophages in oral squamous cell carcinoma: their clinicopathological and prognostic significance.

Background: Stromal cells are believed to affect cancer invasion and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the incidence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), focusing on clinicopathological factors and patient prognosis, as well as cancer invasion.

Methods: The study included 108 patients with OSCC.

Extramammary Paget's disease: evaluation of the histopathological patterns of Paget cell proliferation in the epidermis.

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare malignant skin neoplasm. The prototypical pattern of tumor cell proliferation in the epidermis includes single cells and/or nest arrangements, mainly in the lower epidermis. Although other patterns have been recognized, they have not previously been investigated in detail.

Rhos and Rho kinases in the rat prostate: their possible functional roles and distributions.

As there is increasing evidence that Rho-Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway plays an important role in the proliferation and contraction in many tissues, we investigated the contractile role of a ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, and the distribution of RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 in the rat prostate. Twelve-week-old Sprague-Dawley rat prostate was used in this study. Rat prostatic contractile responses induced by carbachol and norepinephrine were investigated in organ bath studies without or with 10(-7), 10(-6), and 10(-5) M of a non-selective ROCK inhibitor, fasudil.

Edaravone ameliorates diabetes-induced dysfunction of NO-induced relaxation in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in the rat.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a major risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). Although the etiology of diabetes-induced ED is multifactorial and still unknown, reactive oxygen species are thought to be one of the key factors.

Aim: The aim of this article is to investigate whether administration of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, could prevent type 1 diabetes-induced dysfunction of nitric oxide (NO)-induced relaxation in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in the rat.

Cysteine-rich protein 61 suppresses cell invasion via down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression in the human gastric carcinoma cell line MKN-45.

Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61) is a member of the CCN (CYR61/CTGF/NOV) family, which is associated with progression in a variety of human cancers. Our previous study confirmed that the expression levels of CYR61 protein were decreased in gastric carcinoma compared to non-tumoral mucosa as determined by proteome analysis. Histological research also showed that the reduction in CYR61 expression was significantly correlated with cellular invasiveness and inversely correlated with matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7/matrilysin) expression in human gastric carcinoma.

Gastric adenocarcinoma with rhabdoid morphology.

Extrarenal rhabdoid tumors (ERRTs) are very rare neoplasms and have been reported in a range of organs, including sixteen cases in the stomach. We describe a woman aged 86 years who had an advanced gastric tumor with lymph node metastasis. The tumor mostly showed a diffuse arrangement with a small glandular region.

c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by oxidative stress suppresses retinoid signaling through proteasomal degradation of retinoic acid receptor α protein in hepatic cells.

We previously reported that impaired retinoid signaling causes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through oxidative stress. However, the interaction between oxidative stress and retinoid signaling has not been fully understood. To address this issue, the effects of hydrogen peroxide on the transcriptional activity of RAR/RXR heterodimers, RARα and RXRα proteins and intracellular signaling pathways were examined.

Nicorandil ameliorates ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the rat kidney.

Background And Purpose: Nicorandil, an ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP) ) channel opener and nitric oxide donor, is used in the treatment of angina and acute heart failure. Here we investigated the effects of two K(ATP) channel openers, nicorandil and cromakalim on ischaemia reperfusion (I-R) injury in the kidney.

Experimental Approach: Right nephrectomy was performed in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and they were then divided into six groups: control group; I-R, including 30 min of left renal ischaemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion; I-R groups plus nicorandil 3 or 10 mg·kg⁻¹ i.

Zoledronic acid, a third-generation bisphosphonate, inhibits cellular growth and induces apoptosis in oral carcinoma cell lines.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) inhibit bone resorption by preventing osteoclast maturation and apoptosis induction. Recently, BPs have also been shown to have antitumor effects against various types of carcinomas in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL), a third generation bisphosphonate, on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of oral cancer cells.

Spontaneous regression of lung adenocarcinoma: Report of a case.

This report presents a rare case of lung adenocarcinoma accompanied by partial spontaneous regression (SR). A 69-year-old woman with an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray was admitted to the hospital. She was diagnosed to have lung adenocarcinoma with right adrenal metastasis based on a thorough examination.