[Cae of double cancer involving of the bladder and prostate which was treated by radical cystectomy 8 years after radical prostatectomy].

A 66-year-old man was diagnosed as having prostate cancer (T2aN0M0) and neoadjuvant hormone therapy was started from 17 February 1995. During observation, superficial bladder cancer was incidentally found and the first transurethral resection was carried out on 21 June 1995. Radical prostatectomy was performed on 8 May 1996.

Peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer with mucin phenotype 12 years after curative resection: report of a case.

We report a case of peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer in a 58-year-old man, 12 years after curative surgery. Urinary wall thickness was seen on follow-up computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans. We performed total nephroureterectomy and cystectomy for urinary tract cancers, but histological examination of the resected specimen revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with severe fibrosis, resembling the gastric cancer resected 12 years earlier.

Pelvic autonomic nerve mapping around the prostate by intraoperative electrical stimulation with simultaneous measurement of intracavernous and intraurethral pressure.

Purpose: In previous studies we noted that the neurovascular bundle was not identical to the bundle of the cavernous nerve fibers. In this study we sought to prove these anatomical findings electrophysiologically and map the autonomic nerve fibers by intraoperative simultaneous measurement of intracavernous pressure and intraurethral pressure.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2004 and May 2005 electrical stimulation was performed in 27 open pelvic surgeries, including 26 radical retropubic prostatectomies and 1 radical cystectomy, using an original bipolar electrode before prostate removal.

Significance of electrostimulation in detecting neurovascular bundle during radical prostatectomy.

Objective: The reported rate of erectile dysfunction after nerve-sparing prostatectomy varies according to physicians. Because exact preservation of the neurovascular bundle (NVB) solely depends on the judgment of the physician, he or she should try to correctly identify the NVB and also avoid neurophysiologic injury of the NVB during the procedure. The purpose of the present study is to assess the status of the NVB preservation by physician's judgment at the operation, the changes in intracavernous pressure related to intraoperative electrical stimulation and postoperative histopathological examination.

Clinical validity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen as an objective marker for evaluating biologic features in patients with untreated prostate cancer.

Background: Although Gleason grading may be the most useful system for evaluating biological activity of untreated prostate cancer, lack of interobserver validity with Gleason scores (GS) is an unsolved issue. In this study, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index (PCNA LI) in untreated prostate cancer was investigated in order to clarify the usefulness of supplemental and objective markers for evaluating the biologic features of prostate cancer.

Methods: Sixty cases of prostate cancer were randomly selected from the cancer registry in Gunma University Hospital for this study.

A comparison of interobserver reproducibility of Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma in Japan and the United States.

Context: Gleason grading is now the sole prostatic carcinoma grading system recommended by the World Health Organization. It is imperative that there be good interobserver reproducibility within this system worldwide. To our knowledge, there are no studies, using the same specimens, that compare the interobserver reproducibility of Gleason grading in Japan and the United States.

Incidence of bladder cancer discovered by urethrocystoscopy at prostate biopsy: extraordinary high incidence of tiny bladder cancer in elderly males.

In order to clarify the incidence of bladder cancer with and without prostate cancer, we investigated bladder cancer discovered incidentally by urethrocystoscopy at prostate biopsy. Between April 1997 and December 2003, 498 patients who were suspected prostate cancer were performed prostate biopsy and urethrocystoscopy simultaneously. We investigate possible invasion of prostate cancer into the urethra or bladder mucosa as well as bladder cancer, including other benign lesions of the bladder by urethrocystoscopy.

Comparative study on the prevalence of clinically detectable prostate cancer in patients with and without bladder cancer.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of prostate cancer in patients with a past or present history of bladder cancer compared with age-matched control subjects in population-based screening for prostate cancer.

Methods: Between 1998 and 2000, 106 patients who were followed up in the outpatient clinic for bladder cancer (case cohort) and 1060 age-matched men who participated in screening for prostate cancer (control cohort) were enrolled in this study. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured for all participants, and all participants underwent digital rectal examination (DRE).

Cumulative probability of PSA increase above 4.0 NG/ML in population-based screening for prostate cancer.

Routine screening for prostate cancer remains controversial. However, it is very important to show how the optimal rescreening interval should be set for men who want to be screened after informed consent. To solve this issue, the risk of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increase above 4.

The risk of rapid prostate specific antigen increase in men with baseline prostate specific antigen 2.0 ng/ml or less.

Purpose: We estimated the risk of a rapid prostate specific antigen (PSA) increase in men with a low baseline PSA range of 0.0 to 2.0 ng/ml to investigate the validity of setting a re-screening interval of more than 1 year.

The combination of multi-voxel MR spectroscopy with MR imaging improve the diagnostic accuracy for localization of prostate cancer.

Background: We assessed the usefulness of combined multi-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and MR imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer localization.

Patients And Methods: MRS and MRI were performed in 21 patients with prostate cancer. On T2-weighted images, tumor localization was based on low signal intensity in the peripheral zone.

Ultrastructural changes in subepithelial capillaries and their surrounding stroma in rat prostate and seminal vesicle after castration.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the androgen-ablation-induced morphological changes in the capillaries and stroma near the epithelial cells in prostate and seminal vesicles (SV) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In ventral prostate (VP) and SV of immature male rats, the luminal areas of subepithelial capillaries and the width of the stromal layers between endothelia and epithelia were measured quantitatively after castration using TEM and a computed image analyzer. The luminal areas of the capillaries were significantly reduced in VP and SV in the short-term after castration.

Association of genetic polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase genes (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) with familial prostate cancer risk in a Japanese population.

Background: Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are active in the detoxification of a wide variety of toxins and carcinogens. The genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes have been studied to estimate the relative risk of various cancers. In the current study, we examined the association of the GST gene polymorphisms with familial prostate cancer in a Japanese population by performing a case-control study consisting of 81 familial prostate cancer cases and 105 normal controls.

Possibility of re-screening intervals of more than one year in men with PSA levels of 4.0 ng/ml or less.

Background: The optimal re-screening interval is one of the most important issues to evaluate the effectiveness of screening for prostate cancer.

Methods: Between 1992 and 2000, 7,026 men aged 50-78 with baseline PSA levels of 4.0 ng/ml or lower underwent screening for prostate cancer twice or more.

Natural history of PSA increase with and without prostate cancer.

Objectives: To investigate the natural history of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increase in men with and without prostate cancer to clarify the probability of cancer-related PSA increase.

Methods: Between 1986 and 2001, 504 men aged 79 years or younger with baseline PSA levels of 4.0 ng/mL or less and a PSA increase greater than 4.

A p53 codon 72 polymorphism associated with prostate cancer development and progression in Japanese.

An association between the Pro/Pro genotype of p53 codon 72 and a lower risk of prostate cancer in Caucasians was recently reported. However, the association of this polymorphism with prostate cancer risk in a Japanese population has not been clarified. We performed a case-control study consisting of 114 prostate cancer patients and 105 noncancer controls.

Electrostimulation of sympathetic nerve fibers during nerve-sparing laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in testicular tumor.

A long-handled pair of electrodes with sufficient length to allow stimulation during laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) was designed at our institute. We clinically utilized this electrode in the treatment of a 37-year-old patient with testicular tumor who underwent right orchidectomy and nerve-sparing laparoscopic RPLND. During laparoscopic RPLND, sympathetic nerve fibers relevant to ejaculation were electrically stimulated and changes in pressure at the bladder neck were observed.

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in familial prostate cancer in a Japanese population.

Aim: Vitamin D acts as an antiproliferative agent against prostate cells. Epidemiological study has shown that a low level of serum vitamin D concentration is a risk factor for prostate cancer. Vitamin D acts via vitamin D receptor (VDR), and an association of genetic polymorphisms of the VDR gene has been reported.

Intraoperative electrical stimulation of cavernous nerves with monitoring of intracorporeal pressure to confirm nerve sparing during radical prostatectomy: Early clinical results.

Background: We performed intraoperative cavernous nerve stimulation with an intracavernous pressure (ICP) monitoring system to confirm nerve sparing during radical pelvic surgery and assessed the results.

Methods: Nineteen cases of radical prostatectomy and three of radical cystoprostatectomy were examined. Electrical stimulation of the site where the neurovascular bundle (NVB) was determined to run was performed and changes in ICP were measured before and after prostate removal.

Free/total PSA ratio is a powerful predictor of future prostate cancer morbidity in men with initial PSA levels of 4.1 to 10.0 ng/mL.

Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of measuring the free/total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio (%fPSA) in men with initial PSA levels of 4.1 to 10.0 ng/mL as a predictor of the future risk of developing prostate cancer.

Preliminary results of a monitoring system to confirm the preservation of cavernous nerves.

Background: It is important to preserve the neurovascular bundle (NVB) during nerve-sparing surgery. This article presents the preliminary results of our monitoring system for the postoperative preservation of erectile function.

Methods: In 15 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and 20 patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy, intraoperative electrical stimulation along the NVB was performed to measure changes in intracavernous pressure before and after prostate removal.

[Treatment strategy for locally advanced prostate cancer].

With the increasing aged population, prostate cancer has become one of the commonest malignant tumors in the United States. The incidence of prostate cancer is the highest among malignant tumors in males, and the mortality rate is the second highest following lung cancer. Even when prostate cancer is diagnosed to be in the early stage preoperatively, its excised lesions are often judged pathohistologically to be locally advanced tumor (staging error).

Association of HPC2/ELAC2 polymorphism with prostate cancer risk in a Japanese population.

Background: To investigate the relationship between two common variants (Ser217 and Ala541) of the HPC2/ELAC2 gene and prostate cancer risk in a Japanese population, we performed a case-control study.

Materials And Methods: Cases and controls consisted of 81 prostate cancer patients with a family history and 106 controls. Ser217 and Ala541 polymorphisms were analyzed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism method.