Effects of an essential amino acid mixture on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and executive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled exploratory clinical trial.

Background: The increasing number of dementia patients has become a global social problem. Amino acids are known to be used as precursors of neurotransmitters in the brain. Amino acid mixtures as a supplement may be used as a solution to Alzheimer's symptoms.

Effects of steroid hormones on (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity inhibition-induced amnesia on the step-through passive avoidance task in gonadectomized mice.

Inhibition of sodium-potassium adenosine 5'-triphosphatase ((Na(+), K(+))-ATPase) activity causes edema and cell death in the central nervous system, and impairment of learning and memory. Several sex steroid hormones have a protective effect against neuronal cell damage and the hypofunction of learning and memory. To examine the possible roles and mechanism of action of steroid hormones against amnesia induced by ouabain, an inhibitor of (Na(+), K(+))-ATPase, gonadectomized male mice were administrated ouabain (0.