[Results of long-term observation of extremely premature babies with retinopathy].

Purpose: To study the long-term clinical and functional outcomes of retinopathy in extremely premature infants.

Material And Methods: The study included 42 patients (84 eyes) with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at the age of 9-18 years. All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including morphometric (OCT), functional (ERG) and psycho-physical (computer perimetry) methods.

[Refraction in pseudophakic eyes after surgical treatment of congenital cataracts].

Unlabelled: The optimal method of correcting aphakia in infants with congenital cataract (CC) is intraocular correction. Considering the growth of the eyes, most authors implant an IOL with lower dioptric power to try to anticipate the refractive indices after the growth, which in some cases do not match the prediction.

Purpose: To evaluate the achieved refraction and its relation to the anterior-posterior axis of pseudophakic eyes after extraction of CC in children of up to one year of age.

[Depth of retinal vessels and electroretinogram changes in stage 3 and 4 cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity].

The article presents the results of a study on retinal vessels in stage 3 and 4 cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by means of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT). The study comprised 29 children (40 eyes) aged from 6 month to 12 years with stage 3 and 4 cicatricial ROP, of which 17 children (21 eyes) under 6 and 12 children (19 eyes) over 6 years of age. SD OCT was used to approach the depth of retinal vessels and the caliber of the first-order vessels.

[Clinical course and results of treatment of zone I retinopathy of prematurity].

23 infants (46 eyes) with zone I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were examined. Zone I ROP is characterized with distinctive clinical presentation, course, prognosis and treatment results. Coagulation of retina in active I zone ROP showed efficacy in 70%: in posterior ROP - 56,3%, in anterior ROP - 79%.

[Keratoconus in children with retinopathy of prematurity (clinical cases)].

2 cases of keratoconus in children with retinopathy of prematurity (RP) developed in eyes with severe retinal scarring as an outcome of RP, but initially clear cornea and normal anterior chamber depth. In one case keratoconus was acute and resulted in visual loss in the only seeing eye and required surgical treatment. In another case kertoconus developed in the eye with residual light perception, had no subjective symptoms, was not acute and was stabilized using nonsurgical treatment.

[Macula structure and function in retinopathy of prematurity].

Macula structure and function were studied in 64 patients with retinopathy of prematurity (RP) stage I-III aged 8-17 years old using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography. Absence of foveolar depression associated with preservation of fovea layers and normal electroretinography indices were showed to be the evidence of differentiation damage and macula underdevelopment due to immaturity and to have no effect on visual acuity. Preserved or pathologic foveolar depression associated with abnormal OCT findings and central retina electrogenesis damage indicate dysfunction and morphological changes of macula due to not macula underdevelopment because of immaturity only but RP either that can lead to depression, visual function.

[Problems and outlooks for the preventive treatment of retinopathy in prematures].

The immediate and remote (up to 7 years) results of preventive cryo- and/or lasercoagulation of avascular retinal zones made in 390 children with active progressing retinopathy of prematures (RP) were analyzed. The efficiency of cryocoagulation in processes localized in zones 2-3 of the eye bottom made 92%, and that of the combined technique (laser- and cryocoagulation) with lesions in zones 1-2 and with plus-diseases was up to 80%. The preventive treatment is indicated for the 3d threshold (ordinary clinical course) and before-threshold (with plus-disease and localization zone 1) stages.

[Features of retinopathy of prematurity, progressing as "plus-disease"].

"Plus-disease" is a particular grave form of retinopathy of premature babies found in 7% of extremely premature and somatically loaded children. The following criteria are indicative of "plus-disease": location of pathological changes in the central zone of eye fundus (zone 1-2), marked vascular activity and hemorrhages in the center and on the periphery of the retina, pupil regidity, iris vasodilatation and fulminant (3 days-3 weeks) progression of the process from initial signs up to signs of extraretinal growth or exudative amotio retinae without forming premature stages typical for retinopathy (torus lines). Upon revealing the first signs of "plus-disease" ophthalmological examinations should be carried out with the interval of 2-3 days.

[Efficiency of detection and preventive treatment of retinopathy in premature neonates].

A total of 580 preterm babies born weighing 540-2500 g at terms less than 35 weeks were examined. The mean incidence of neonatal retinopathy under standard conditions of care in Moscow is 26%. The incidence of disease depends on body weight at birth and term of gestation.