Dissemination and characteristics of high-level erythromycin-resistant from bulk tank milk of dairy companies in Korea.

are environmental pathogens that can cause bovine mastitis, which is treated with macrolides, one of which is erythromycin (ERY). The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of high-level erythromycin-resistant (HLER) isolates from bulk tank milk of 4 dairy companies, identified as A to D, in order to assess the threat to public health. Although isolates from company D showed the highest prevalence of , the prevalence of HLER in isolates from company A showed a significant difference.

Effect of Breast Silicone Implant Topography on Bacterial Attachment and Growth: An Study.

Background/aim: The mechanisms underlying capsular contracture remain unclear. Emerging evidence supports the inflammation hypothesis, according to which bacteria from an adherent biofilm cause chronic inflammation and collagen deposition on the implant and trigger capsular contracture. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of different types of breast implants on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, S.

Relationship between CRISPR sequence type and antimicrobial resistance in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a primary cause of extraintestinal disease and respiratory infections in chickens; therefore, various antimicrobials applied via mass medication in farms to control APEC in Korea. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between CRISPR sequence type and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in APEC isolates. Based on spacer distribution, a total of 103 CRISPR-positive APEC isolates were classified into 25 E.

Comparative analysis of genetic characterization of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli from bulk tank milk in Korea.

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the genetic characteristics of 41 β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli isolates, which are one of the common causes of environmental mastitis, isolated from the bulk tank milk of 290 dairy farms in five factories operated by three dairy companies in Korea.

Results: Analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of β-lactam-resistant E. coli isolates revealed differences between factories even within the same company.

Comparative Analysis of Chloramphenicol-Resistant Isolated from Dairy Companies in Korea.

Although chloramphenicol is currently banned from use in livestock, other phenicols, such as florfenicol and thiamphenicol, have been used for the treatment of bacterial infections in domestic cattle in Korea. This study compares the characteristics of chloramphenicol-resistant isolated from the bulk tank milk of four major dairy companies in Korea. Although the distribution of multidrug resistance patterns showed no significant differences between the four companies, 85 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates showed a significantly high number of resistances against five or six antimicrobial classes (37.

Characteristics of High-Level Aminoglycoside-Resistant Isolated from Bulk Tank Milk in Korea.

Enterococci, which are considered environmental mastitis-causing pathogens, have easily acquired aminoglycoside-resistant genes that encode various aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AME). Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the distribution of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) () bacteria isolated from bulk tank milk in four dairy companies in Korea. Moreover, it analyzed the characteristics of their antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors.

Prediction of suspicious ankle instability using the calcaneofibular ligament cross-sectional area.

Background: An injured calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) is a major cause of ankle instability (AI). Previous research has demonstrated that the thickness of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFLT) is correlated with higher-grade sprains and ankle instability. However, inflammatory hypertrophy is distinct from ligament thickness; accordingly, we considered that the calcaneofibular ligament cross-sectional area (CFLCSA) as a potential morphological parameter to analyze inflammatory CFL.

Virulence Variation of Gallinarum Isolates through SpvB by CRISPR Sequence Subtyping, 2014 to 2018.

Gallinarum is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes fowl typhoid, a septicemic disease with high morbidity and mortality that affects all ages of chickens. Although vaccines and antimicrobials have been used nationwide to eradicate the disease, the malady is still prevalent in Korea. In this study, we investigated the virulence and genetic variation of 116 .

Reactive oxygen species-induced activation of Yes-associated protein-1 through the c-Myc pathway is a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The Hippo signaling pathway regulates organ size by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis with terminal effectors including Yes-associated protein-1 (YAP-1). Dysregulation in Hippo pathway has been proposed as one of the therapeutic targets in hepatocarcinogenesis. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase during the progression from early to advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Hematological factors predicting mortality in patients with traumatic epidural or subdural hematoma undergoing emergency surgical evacuation: A retrospective cohort study.

Hematological abnormalities at admission are common after traumatic brain injuries and are associated with poor outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify the predictive factors of mortality among patients who underwent emergency surgery for the evacuation of epidural hematoma (EDH) or subdural hematoma (SDH).This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of 200 patients who underwent emergency surgical evacuation of EDH or SDH between September 2010 and December 2018.

The predictive role of the posterior tibial tendon cross-sectional area in early diagnosing posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.

A hypertrophied posterior tibial tendon (PTT) has been considered to be an important morphologic parameter of PTT dysfunction (PTTD). Previous research has demonstrated that the PTT thickness (PTTT) is correlated with early signs of PTTD. However, the thickness is different from hypertrophy.

Dual-Functional Electrolyte Additives toward Long-Cycling Lithium-Ion Batteries: Ecofriendly Designed Carbonate Derivatives.

Long-term stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) layers formed on anodes and cathodes is imperative to mitigate the interfacial degradation of electrodes and enhance the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the SEI on the anode and CEI on the cathode are vulnerable to the reactive species of PF and HF produced by the decomposition and hydrolysis of the conventional LiPF electrolyte in a battery inevitably containing a trace amount of water. Here, we report a new class of cyclic carbonate-based electrolyte additives to preserve the integrity of SEI and CEI in LIBs.

Tumor-Stroma Crosstalk Enhances REG3A Expressions that Drive the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Crosstalk between tumors and their microenvironment plays a crucial role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is little existing information about the key signaling molecule that modulates tumor-stroma crosstalk.

Methods: Complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis was performed to identify the key molecule in tumor-stroma crosstalk.

Adalimumab improves cognitive impairment, exerts neuroprotective effects and attenuates neuroinflammation in an Aβ-injected mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with an increased inflammatory response via activated microglia and astrocytes. In the present study, we investigated whether treatment with the anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) monoclonal antibody adalimumab can improve cognitive function and reduce AD pathology in Aβ-injected animal models of AD, as well as the mechanisms underlying the effects of treatment. Aβ-injected mice treated with adalimumab exhibited significant improvements in memory relative to mice injected with Aβ alone, as well as decreases in beta secretase-1 (BACE1) protein expression and Aβ plaques.

Scavenging Materials to Stabilize LiPF -Containing Carbonate-Based Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries.

In conjunction with electrolyte additives used for tuning the interfacial structures of electrodes, functional materials that eliminate or deactivate reactive substances generated by the degradation of LiPF -containing electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries offer a wide range of electrolyte formulation opportunities. Herein, the recent advancements in the development of: (i) scavengers with high selectivity and affinity toward unwanted species and (ii) promoters of ion-paired LiPF dissociation are highlighted, showing that the utilization of the above additives can effectively mitigate the problem of electrolyte instability that commonly results in battery performance degradation and lifetime shortening. A deep mechanistic understanding of LiPF -containing electrolyte failure and the action of currently developed additives is demonstrated to enable the rational design of effective scavenging materials and thus allow the fabrication of highly reliable batteries.

Fluoroethylene Carbonate-Based Electrolyte with 1 M Sodium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Enables High-Performance Sodium Metal Electrodes.

Sodium (Na) metal anodes with stable electrochemical cycling have attracted widespread attention because of their highest specific capacity and lowest potential among anode materials for Na batteries. The main challenges associated with Na metal anodes are dendritic formation and the low density of deposited Na during electrochemical plating. Here, we demonstrate a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-based electrolyte with 1 M sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) salt for the stable and dense deposition of the Na metal during electrochemical cycling.

Molecular Engineered Safer Organic Battery through the Incorporation of Flame Retarding Organophosphonate Moiety.

Here, we report the first electrochemical assessment of organophosphonate-based compound as a safe electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, which highlights the reversible redox activity and inherent flame retarding property. Dinickel 1,4-benzenediphosphonate delivers a high reversible capacity of 585 mA h g with stable cycle performance. It expands the scope of organic batteries, which have been mainly dominated by the organic carbonyl family to date.

Synergistic Effect of Partially Fluorinated Ether and Fluoroethylene Carbonate for High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries with Rapid Chargeability and Dischargeability.

The roles of a partially fluorinated ether (PFE) based on a mixture of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane and 2-(difluoro(methoxy)methyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane on the oxidative durability of an electrolyte under high-voltage conditions, the rate capability of the graphite and 5 V-class LiNiMnO (LNMO) electrodes, and the cycling performance of graphite/LNMO full cells are examined. Our findings indicate that the use of PFE as a cosolvent in the electrolyte yields thermally stable electrolytes with self-extinguishing ability. Electrochemical tests confirm that the PFE combined with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) effectively alleviates the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte at the high-voltage LNMO cathode and enables reversible electrochemical reactions of the graphite anodes and LNMO cathodes at high rates.

Beta-lapachone inhibits pathological retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy via regulation of HIF-1α.

Retinal neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the most common cause of blindness for children. Despite evidence that hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α -VEGF axis is associated with the pathogenesis of ROP, the inhibitors of HIF-1α have not been established as a therapeutic target in the control of ROP pathophysiology. We investigated the hypothesis that degradation of HIF-1α as a master regulator of angiogenesis in hypoxic condition, using β-lapachone, would confer protection against hypoxia-induced retinopathy without affecting physiological vascular development in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), an animal model of ROP.