Designing an app for alternative access assessments: Using interviews to uncover and define user needs.

To support effective alternative access assessment and service delivery for people with motor impairments, we are developing an app called Access Navigator. This paper describes the first stage of the project: the interviews we conducted as part of a discovery process to improve our understanding of user needs. We individually interviewed 8 assistive technology practitioners and 3 clients who use alternative access methods, to learn what practitioners were currently doing in their access assessments, identify opportunities for improving current practice, and understand what the assessment process was like for clients.

Update Reference Charts: Fetal Biometry between the 15th and 42nd Week of Gestation.

Objectives: This study was designed to establish new reference charts for BPD (biparietal diameter), OFD (occipitofrontal diameter), HC (head circumference), CM (cisterna magna), TCD (transverse cerebellar diameter), PCV (posterior cerebral ventricle), AC (abdominal circumference), FL (femur length), and HL (humerus length) and extend known charts to 42 weeks of gestation. These new charts were compared to studies carried out by Snijders and Nicolaides, the INTERGROWTH 21st Project, and the WHO Fetal Growth Charts.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional single-center study of 12,972 low-risk pregnancies, biometric data between the 15th and 42nd weeks of gestation were evaluated.

Multi-modal access method (eye-tracking + switch-scanning) for individuals with severe motor impairment: A preliminary investigation.

Individuals with severe motor impairments often require alternative means to access computers and communication technology. A range of alternative access devices exist; however, most rely on use of a single access modality. While this approach works for some individuals, it can be limiting for others.

Epimorphic regeneration of the mouse digit tip is finite.

Background: Structural regeneration of amputated appendages by blastema-mediated, epimorphic regeneration is a process whose mechanisms are beginning to be employed for inducing regeneration. While epimorphic regeneration is classically studied in non-amniote vertebrates such as salamanders, mammals also possess a limited ability for epimorphic regeneration, best exemplified by the regeneration of the distal mouse digit tip. A fundamental, but still unresolved question is whether epimorphic regeneration and blastema formation is exhaustible, similar to the finite limits of stem-cell mediated tissue regeneration.

Toward a national system of assistive technology outcomes measurement.

For more than two decades the assistive technology outcomes literature has featured repeated calls for clinical research to demonstrate the impact of device recommendations, as well as substantial discussion of tools for measuring AT outcomes. Unfortunately, data are still not routinely collected in most AT service delivery settings, which undermines the field. This paper describes a framework for developing a national cloud-based system of AT outcomes measurement that emerged from structured discussions with clinicians, researchers, and manufacturers.

Multimodal Elimination for Intoxication with a Lethal Dose of Organic Mercury.

We here report on a case of massive organic mercury intoxication in a 40-year-old man that resulted in progressive multiorgan failure. We treated the patient intravenously and enterally with the chelating agent (RS)-2,3-bis(sulfanyl) propane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS) in addition to hemodialysis. The patient was treated for 6 weeks and could successfully be weaned from mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis.

Effectiveness and usability of Scanning Wizard software: a tool for enhancing switch scanning.

Scanning Wizard software helps scanning users improve the setup of their switch and scanning system. This study evaluated Scanning Wizard's effectiveness and usability. Ten people who use switch scanning and ten practitioners used Scanning Wizard in the initial session.

Use of Scanning Wizard Can Enhance Text Entry Rate: Preliminary Results.

Scanning Wizard software helps scanning users improve the setup of their switch and scanning system. This study is evaluating Scanning Wizard's effectiveness, with nine people who use single-switch scanning participating to date. Text entry rates have improved by an average of 71%, ranging from 29 to 172% improvement.

Analysis of an Individual's Language to Improve Efficiency of an AAC System.

The paper discusses the collection and analysis of a three-month language sample from an adult using a low-tech augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) system transcribed to analyse the frequency of words and letters to make suggestions for more efficiency.

Effect of diagnosis, body site and experience on text entry rate of individuals with physical disabilities: a systematic review.

Objective: This study systematically reviewed the research on computer text entry by people with physical disabilities, and conducted a quantitative synthesis of text entry rates associated with individuals' diagnosis, body site used with the interface and their level of experience.

Method: We searched 10 databases and included studies in which: typing speed was reported; the access interface was available for public use; and individuals with physical impairments were in the study population. For quantitative synthesis, we used only the text entry rates (TER) reported for individuals with physical impairments; studies also had to report the sample size, and the average and standard deviation for the text entry rates.

Text entry rate of access interfaces used by people with physical disabilities: A systematic review.

This study systematically reviewed the research on assistive technology (AT) access interfaces used for text entry, and conducted a quantitative synthesis of text entry rates (TER) associated with common interfaces. We searched 10 databases and included studies in which: typing speed was reported in words per minute (WPM) or equivalent; the access interface was available for public use; and individuals with physical impairments were in the study population. For quantitative synthesis, we used only the TER reported for individuals with physical impairments.

Identification of Potential Off-target Toxicity Liabilities of Catechol-O-methyltransferase Inhibitors by Differential Competition Capture Compound Mass Spectrometry.

Structurally related inhibitors of a shared therapeutic target may differ regarding potential toxicity issues that are caused by different off-target bindings. We devised a differential competition capture compound mass spectrometry (dCCMS) strategy to effectively differentiate off-target profiles. Tolcapone and entacapone are potent inhibitors of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Automatic Adjustment of Keyboard Settings Can Enhance Typing.

We developed and evaluated a software tool for the automatic configuration of Windows keyboard settings. The software is intended to accommodate the needs of people with physical impairments, with a goal of improved productivity and comfort during typing. The prototype software, called AutoIDA, monitors user activity during performance of regular computer tasks and recommends the Sticky Keys and key repeat settings to meet the user's specific needs.

Automatic Adjustment of Mouse Settings to Improve Pointing Performance.

This article describes the development and evaluation of a software tool for the automatic configuration of mice and other pointing devices. The software is intended to accommodate the needs of people with physical impairments, with a goal of improved productivity and comfort during computer use. We successfully built prototype software that monitors user activity during performance of regular computer tasks and recommends appropriate Windows mouse settings to meet the user's specific needs.

Isolation and intravenous injection of murine bone marrow derived monocytes.

As a subtype of leukocytes and progenitors of macrophages, monocytes are involved in many important processes of organisms and are often the subject of various fields in biomedical science. The method described below is a simple and effective way to isolate murine monocytes from heterogeneous bone marrow. Bone marrow from the femur and tibia of Balb/c mice is harvested by flushing with phosphate buffered saline (PBS).

Method for enhancing text entry rate with single-switch scanning.

Single-switch scanning is a technique used by some individuals for spoken and/or written communication. We developed a method for adjusting the settings in a single-switch scanning interface to increase a user's text entry rate (TER). We evaluated that method with nine individuals who use single-switch scanning to communicate.

Software wizards to adjust keyboard and mouse settings for people with physical impairments.

Context/objective: This study describes research behind two software wizards that help users with physical impairments adjust their keyboard and mouse settings to meet their specific needs. The Keyboard Wizard and Pointing Wizard programs help ensure that keyboard and pointing devices are properly configured for an individual, and reconfigured as the user's needs change. We summarize four effectiveness studies and six usability studies.

Validating a model of row-column scanning.

Purpose: For individuals with severe motor and communicative disabilities, single switch scanning provides a way to access a computer and communicate. A model was developed that utilizes scanning interface settings, error tendencies, error correction strategies, and the matrix configuration to predict a user's communication rate.

Method: Five individuals who use single switch scanning transcribed sentences using an on-screen keyboard configured with the settings from their communication devices.

Optical recording of suprathreshold neural activity with single-cell and single-spike resolution.

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also propagation of suprathreshold spiking activity involves populations of neurons. Empirical studies addressing cortical function directly thus require recordings from populations of neurons with high resolution.

Dabigatran and dabigatran ethyl ester: potent inhibitors of ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (NQO2).

Recent studies have revealed that compounds believed to be highly selective frequently address multiple target proteins. We investigated the protein interaction profile of the widely prescribed thrombin inhibitor dabigatran (1), resulting in the identification and subsequent characterization of an additional target enzyme. Our findings are based on an unbiased functional proteomics approach called capture compound mass spectrometry (CCMS) and were confirmed by independent biological assays.

Impact of cortical plasticity on patterns of suprathreshold activity in the cerebral cortex.

There are many cellular and synaptic mechanisms of plasticity in the vertebrate cortex. How the patterns of suprathreshold spiking activity in a population of neurons change because of this plasticity, however, has hardly been subjected to experimental studies. Here, we measured how evoked patterns of suprathreshold spiking activity in a cortical network were modified by cortical plasticity with single-cell and single-spike resolution.

Improvement of capture compound mass spectrometry technology (CCMS) for the profiling of human kinases by combination with 2D LC-MS/MS.

An increasingly popular and promising field in functional proteomics is the isolation of proteome subsets based on small molecule-protein interactions. One platform approach in this field are Capture Compounds that contain a small molecule of interest to bind target proteins, a photo-activatable reactivity function to covalently trap bound proteins, and a sorting function to isolate captured protein conjugates from complex biological samples for direct protein identification by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). In this study we used staurosporine as a selectivity group for analysis in HepG2 cells derived from human liver.