Recurrent bacterial meningitis in children in the Netherlands: a nationwide surveillance study.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the recurrence rate of culture-positive bacterial meningitis in children in the Netherlands.

Design: Nationwide surveillance study, using the database of the Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis to identify patients with culture-positive bacterial meningitis during childhood.

Setting: The study was based in the Netherlands.

Pneumococcal Meningitis in Adults: A Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study Over a 20-year Period.

Background: The epidemiology and treatment of pneumococcal meningitis has changed with the implementation of conjugate vaccines and the introduction of adjunctive dexamethasone therapy.

Methods: We analyzed episodes of community-acquired pneumococcal meningitis in adults (≥16 years) in the Netherlands, identified by the National Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis or treating physician between October 1, 1998, and April 1, 2002, and between January 1, 2006, and July 1, 2018. We studied incidence, pneumococcal serotypes, and clinical features.

Community-acquired Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults.

Background: Haemophilus influenzae is an uncommon cause of meningitis in adults.

Methods: We analyzed episodes of community-acquired H. influenzae meningitis in adults included in a prospective nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands.

Changing Epidemiology of Bacterial Meningitis Since Introduction of Conjugate Vaccines: 3 Decades of National Meningitis Surveillance in The Netherlands.

Background: The epidemiology of acute bacterial meningitis has changed substantially since the introduction of conjugate vaccines.

Methods: We analyzed nationwide surveillance data of all cerebrospinal fluid isolates received by the Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis in the Netherlands. We assessed the impact of conjugate vaccines on incidence (defined as episodes per 100 000 population per year) and for different age groups using incidence rate ratios (IRRs), comparing incidence before and after conjugate vaccine introduction.

Targeting the complement system in bacterial meningitis.

Bacterial meningitis is most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis and continues to pose a major public health threat. Morbidity and mortality of meningitis are driven by an uncontrolled host inflammatory response. This comprehensive update evaluates the role of the complement system in upregulating and maintaining the inflammatory response in bacterial meningitis.

Resurgence of pneumococcal meningitis in Europe and Northern America.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common pathogen causing bacterial meningitis. The routine use of multivalent conjugate pneumococcal vaccines has led to a decline of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by serotypes included in the vaccine serotypes. Recently, several reports have described a concomitant rise in the incidence of non-vaccine serotypes, suggesting serotype replacement.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: prognostic value of early follow-up brain MRI.

Patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are presumed to have radiological monophasic disease, but this is uncertain since follow-up brain MRI is not routinely performed. We aimed to ascertain combined radiological and clinical monophasic disease in ADEM patients and to assess whether performing early (<6 months) follow-up brain MRI has prognostic value for subsequent multiphasic disease. We retrospectively studied the medical records of patients initially diagnosed with ADEM (years 2000-2014) at the Massachusetts General Hospital, USA.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in China, Singapore and Japan: a comparison with the USA.

Background And Purpose: Ethnicity-related differences in the incidence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and other demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders have been reported. Little is reported on the influence of ethnicity and geographical location in ADEM.

Methods: Medical records of patients who presented with ADEM (ICD-9 323.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 228 patients: A retrospective, multicenter US study.

Objective: To analyze the range of demographic, clinical, MRI, and CSF features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), a rare, typically monophasic demyelinating disorder, and analyze long-term outcomes including time and risk factors for subsequent clinical events as well as competing diagnoses.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, multicenter study in 4 US academic medical centers of all patients clinically diagnosed with ADEM. Initial presentation of pediatric and adult ADEM and monophasic and multiphasic disease were compared.

Type of anesthesia and differences in clinical outcome after intra-arterial treatment for ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: Intra-arterial treatment (IAT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) can be performed with or without general anesthesia (GA). Previous studies suggested that IAT without the use of GA (non-GA) is associated with better clinical outcome. Nevertheless, no consensus exists about the anesthetic management during IAT of AIS patients.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: current controversies in diagnosis and outcome.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory, demyelinating disorder of the CNS. Only in the past 15 years have larger groups of patients from several geographical areas been reported for comparisons across studies. In spite of the increased recognition of ADEM, the diagnosis of ADEM remains clinical, aided by neuroimaging confirmation, because of the lack of a biological marker.