Pulmonary Arterial Thrombosis in COVID-19 With Fatal Outcome : Results From a Prospective, Single-Center, Clinicopathologic Case Series.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become pandemic, with substantial mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the pathologic changes of organ systems and the clinicopathologic basis for severe and fatal outcomes.

Design: Prospective autopsy study.

Complications of central venous port systems: a pictorial review.

Central venous port devices are indicated for patients, who need long-term intravenous therapy. Oncologic patients may require intermittent administration of chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, infusions, or blood transfusions. A venous port system is composed of a port chamber attached to a central catheter, which is implanted into the central venous system.

Atypical idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating lesions (IIDL): conventional and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) findings in 42 cases.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate MR imaging characteristics with conventional and advanced MR imaging techniques in patients with IIDL.

Methods: MR images of the brain in 42 patients (20 male, 22 female) with suspected or known multiple sclerosis (MS) from four institutions were retrospectively analyzed. Lesions were classified into five different subtypes: (1) ring-like lesions; (2) Balo-like lesions; (3) diffuse infiltrating lesions; (4) megacystic lesions; and (5) unclassified lesions.

Outcome after radiofrequency ablation of sarcoma lung metastases.

Purpose: Resection is the mainstay of management in patients with sarcoma lung metastases, but there is a limit to how many resections can be performed. Some patients with inoperable disease have small-volume lung metastases that are amenable to thermal ablation. We report our results after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Fetal magnetic resonance imaging of lymphangiomas.

Objectives: To evaluate the fetal magnetic resonance imaging findings of lymphangiomas.

Methods: The magnetic resonance scans of eight fetuses with lymphangiomas were evaluated. Magnetic resonance evaluation included: number; size; signal intensities of the lesions; thickness of the septae; configuration of the margins; presence of blood breakdown products; change in size or signal intensity (in four patients with multiple examinations); exact expansion of the lesions to the adjacent anatomical structures; and concomitant pathological findings.

Segmental and lobar administration of drug-eluting beads delivering irinotecan leads to tumour destruction: a case-control series.

Background: Irinotecan-loaded drug-eluting beads represent a novel drug delivery method that allows for the locoregional delivery of irinotecan to colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). The method has shown impressive response rates. However, the pathological response to this treatment has not previously been demonstrated.

C-arm CT during hepatic arteriography tumour-to-liver contrast: intraindividual comparison of three different contrast media application protocols.

Objective: To compare tumour-to-liver contrast (TLC) of C-arm CT during hepatic arteriography (CACTHA) acquired using three protocols in patients with HCC.

Methods: This prospective study was IRB approved and informed consent was obtained from each patient. Twenty-nine patients (mean age, 68 ± 7 years; 27 men) with 55 HCCs (mean diameter, 2.

Hepatic steatosis assessment with 1H-spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging at 3.0 T before hepatic surgery: reliable enough for making clinical decisions?

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of liver fat quantification using chemical shift imaging (CSI) and H1 MR-spectroscopy (MRS) at 3.0 T in patients undergoing liver resection.

Methods: Totally 35 patients were included in this prospective IRB approved study.

Gadoxetic acid-enhanced 3.0 T MR imaging versus multidetector-row CT in the detection of colorectal metastases in fatty liver using intraoperative ultrasound and histopathology as a standard of reference.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI at 3.0 T with 64-row MDCT in the detection of colorectal liver metastases in diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with colorectal liver metastases and at moderate to severe steatosis (25-90%) underwent prospectively preoperative tri-phasic MDCT (Somatom Sensation 64, Siemens) and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (3-T Magnetom Trio, Siemens).

Quantification of the subcutaneous fat layer with MRI in fetuses of healthy mothers with no underlying metabolic disease vs. fetuses of diabetic and obese mothers.

Objective: To assess the age-dependent fetal subcutaneous fat layer (SCFL) of non-diabetic, normal-weight mothers and fetuses of mothers with gestational diabetes (GDM) and normal body weight or obesity.

Methods: In a prospective study, we evaluated 115 MRI examinations of fetuses with no history of (maternal) metabolic disease [gestational week (GW) 29 to 39/40] and 50 examinations of mothers with GDM and normal body weight or obesity. The SCFL was measured at predetermined anatomical landmarks.

Liver metastases.

Liver metastases are a very common site of distant metastases. Detection and accurate characterization of liver metastases is of importance to guide therapy. A variety of imaging modalities such as US (including contrast agents), MDCT, MRI with liver -specific contrast agents and PET/CT are available for this purpose.

NeoGemTax: gemcitabine and docetaxel as neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced nonmetastasized pancreatic cancer.

Background: About 30% of patients with pancreatic cancer suffer from locally advanced nonmetastatic carcinoma at the time of diagnosis. We conducted a prospective phase II clinical trial using neoadjuvant chemotherapy, consisting of gemcitabine and docetaxel, to assess the rate of complete radical resection and overall survival.

Methods: Gemcitabine (900 mg/m2) and docetaxel (35 mg/m2) were given on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle.

Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced 3.0-T MR imaging versus multiphasic 64-detector row CT: prospective evaluation in patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance (detection, local staging) of multiphasic 64-detector row computed tomography (CT) with that of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced 3.0-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this prospective study, and all patients provided written informed consent.

Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of medulloblastoma.

Introduction: Two medulloblastoma variants were recently added to the WHO classification of CNS tumours. We retrospectively analysed the imaging findings of 37 classic and 27 cases of variant medulloblastomas to identify imaging characteristics that might suggest a particular MB subtype.

Methods: Sixty-four patients from three institutions were included.

Continuous systemic corticosteroids do not affect the ongoing regression of metastatic melanoma for more than two years following ipilimumab therapy.

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with no effective therapies currently approved for advanced disease. In the case presented, a 55-year-old female patient diagnosed with widespread disease from amelanotic desmoplastic melanoma was treated with 10 mg/kg ipilimumab as part of a phase II clinical trial (CA184-008). Prior to ipilimumab, three chemotherapeutic regimens had failed.

Lymph node ratio after curative surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is rare but its incidence is rising worldwide. The value of lymph node dissection for ICC is under discussion; the current staging systems do not differentiate between numbers of involved nodes.

Methods: Ninety-three patients who underwent laparotomy for ICC between 1997 and 2007 were identified retrospectively; 46 who underwent curative resection and systematic lymphadenectomy around the hepatoduodenal ligament were analysed further.

Gadoxate-enhanced T 1-weighted MR cholangiography: comparison of 1.5 T and 3.0 T.

Purpose: To qualitatively and quantitatively compare gadoxate-enhanced T 1-weighted MR cholangiography at magnetic field strengths of 1.5 T and 3.0 T.

Bevacizumab protects against sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and does not increase response rate in neoadjuvant XELOX/FOLFOX therapy of colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Aim: In patients suffering from colorectal cancer liver metastases, 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy plus oxaliplatin ensures superior response rates at the cost of hepatic injury. Knowledge about the consequences of bevacizumab on chemotherapy-induced hepatic injury and tumor response is limited.

Methods: Resected liver specimens from patients of two prospective, non-randomized trials (5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin+/-bevacizumab) were analyzed retrospectively.

State-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic cancer.

Technical advances of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance at 3.0 T, parallel imaging techniques, and multichannel receive coils of the abdomen, have promoted MRI of the pancreas. For adenocarcinoma, which is the most common malignant pancreatic tumor, helical CT has been most often used for detection and staging, but it has limitations in the detection of small cancers 2 cm in diameter or less (sensitivity, 63%).

Sinonasal imaging after Caldwell-Luc surgery: MDCT findings of an abandoned procedure in times of functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background And Purpose: Today, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is performed in most of the patients with sinonasal inflammatory disease. The postoperative imaging findings of FESS in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) considerably differ from those of historic Caldwell-Luc (CL) maxillary sinus surgery which is an uncommon procedure today. Thus, the postoperative CL imaging findings may lead to diagnostic confusion and misinterpretation.

Two K versus 4 K storage phosphor chest radiography: detection performance and image quality.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of matrix size (4-K versus 2-K) in digital storage phosphor chest radiographs on image quality and on the detection of CT-proven thoracic abnormalities. In 85 patients who underwent a CT of the thorax, we obtained two additional posteroanterior storage phosphor chest radiographs, one with a matrix size of 3,520x4,280 (=4-K) and the other with a matrix size of 1,760x2,140 (=2-K). Acquisition, processing and presentation parameters were identical for all radiographs.