Oxidative stress, antioxidant status and lipid profile in pulmonary tuberculosis patients before and after anti-tubercular therapy.

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a highly infectious dreadful disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Numerous studies reported free radicals activity, antioxidant status and lipid profile in PTB patients, but previous studies have lacunae in comparing the biochemical variables between before and after anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) supplementation to PTB patients. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate oxidative stress markers, antioxidant status, lipid profile, liver function markers, and glycoprotein components in pulmonary tuberculosis patients (PTB) patients before and after 60 days of ATT.

Effect of protocatechuic acid on lipid profile and DNA damage in D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxic rats.

Background: Our aim in this study is to investigate the effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on lipid profile and DNA damage in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxic rats.

Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of D-GalN in male Wistar rats. The activities of hepatic markers and levels of kidney function markers were determined.

Ursolic acid and rosiglitazone combination improves insulin sensitivity by increasing the skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice.

The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of ursolic acid (UA) and rosiglitazone (RSG) on insulin sensitivity and proximal insulin signaling pathways in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57/BL/6J mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either normal diet or HFD for 10 weeks, after which animals in each dietary group were divided into the following six groups (normal diet, normal diet plus UA and RSG, HFD alone, HFD plus UA, HFD plus RSG, and HFD plus UA and RSG) for the next 5 weeks. UA (5 mg/kg BW) and RSG (4 mg/kg BW) were administered as suspensions directly into the stomach using a gastric tube.

Effect of Solanum surattense on mitochondrial enzymes in diabetic rats and in vitro glucose uptake activity in L6 myotubes.

Background: S. surattense is widely used in Siddha medicine for various ailments.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the impact of alcoholic leaf-extract of S.

Protective Effect of Carvacrol on Oxidative Stress and Cellular DNA Damage Induced by UVB Irradiation in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes.

Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB; 280-320 nm) radiation induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the biological system. In this study, we examined the protective effect of carvacrol on UVB-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage with reference to alterations in cellular an-tioxidant status in human lymphocytes. A series of in vitro assays (hydroxyl radical, superoxide, nitric oxide, DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl), and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assays) demonstrate antioxidant property of carvacrol in our study.

RETRACTED: Combination of carvacrol and rosiglitazone ameliorates high fat diet induced changes in lipids and inflammatory markers in C57BL/6J mice.

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Carvacrol ameliorates the PPAR-A and cytochrome P450 expression on D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity rats.

Background: Carvacrol (2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-phenol) is a predominant monoterpenic phenol which occurs in many essential oils of the family Labiatae including Origanum, Satureja, Thymbra, Thymus, and Corydothymus species. It is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities. The present study investigates the influence of carvacrol on CYP2E1 and PPAR-α on D-Galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxic rats.

Effect of ursolic acid and Rosiglitazone combination on hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice.

This study investigated the combined effect of ursolic acid (UA) and Rosiglitazone (RSG) on lipid regulatory genes in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either normal diet or HFD for 10 weeks, after which animals in each dietary group were divided into following six groups, (normal diet, normal diet plus UA and RSG, HFD alone, HFD plus UA, HFD plus RSG, and HFD plus UA and RSG), for the next 5 weeks. UA (5mg/kg BW) and RSG (4mg/kg BW) were administered as suspensions directly into the stomach using a gastric tube.

Antihyperglycemic effect of carvacrol in combination with rosiglitazone in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic C57BL/6J mice.

Thiazolidinediones constitute a family of antidiabetic drugs, and rosiglitasone (RSG) has an extensive usage in treating the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Carvacrol (CVL), a monoterpenic phenol that occurs in many essential oils of the family Labiatae including Origanum, Satureja, Thymbra, Thymus, and Corydothymus species, possess a wide variety of pharmacological properties including antioxidant potential. We hypothesized that carvacrol in combination with RSG would prove beneficial to ameliorate the dysregulated carbohydrate metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetic C57BL/6J mice.

Modulatory effect of sesamol on DOCA-salt-induced oxidative stress in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of sesamol on uninephrectomized deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt-induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in surgically single-kidney-removed (left) adult male albino Wistar rats, weighing 180-200 g, by injecting DOCA (25 mg/kg BW) subcutaneously twice a week for 6 weeks, with saline instead of tap water for drinking. Rats were treated with three different doses of sesamol (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW) post-orally by gavage daily for 6 weeks.

Carvacrol suppresses the expression of inflammatory marker genes in D-galactosamine-hepatotoxic rats.

Objective: To unravel the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of carvacrol in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxic rats.

Methods: The mRNA and protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were assayed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and western blot analysis.

Results: We found that the mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB were significantly up-regulated in D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxic rats and treatment with carvacrol significantly down-regulated the expressions of these genes showing the mechanism behind the anti-inflammatory activity of carvacrol.

Protective effect of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaf extract on glycoprotein components on STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats.

Objective: To investigate the protective role of Cardiospermum halicacabum (C. halicacabum) leaf extract on glycoprotein metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by intraperitonial administration of STZ.

Ursolic acid and rosiglitazone combination alleviates metabolic syndrome in high fat diet fed C57BL/6J mice.

The aim of this study was to examine the combined effect of ursolic acid (UA) and rosiglitazone (RSG) on metabolic syndrome in C57BL/6J mice. Upon feeding high fat diet (HFD) C57BL/6J mice developed obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The male mice were randomly divided into six groups, and fed normal diet, normal diet plus UA and RSG, HFD alone, HFD plus UA, HFD plus RSG, and HFD plus UA and RSG, respectively.

Efficacy of sesamol on plasma and tissue lipids in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats.

Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death all over the world. Sesamol is a potent phenolic antioxidant contained only in processed sesame oil and possesses potent chemopreventive, antimutagenic, antihepatotoxic and antioxidation properties. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of sesamol on plasma and tissue lipid profiles in isoproterenol (ISO) - induced rats.

Effect of ursolic acid on cardiac marker enzymes, lipid profile and macroscopic enzyme mapping assay in isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemic rats.

This study investigates the antihyperlipidemic effect of ursolic acid (UA) on isoproterenol (ISO) induced male albino Wistar rats. Myocardial ischemia was induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg BW) twice at an interval of 24 h, for two consecutive days. A significant increase in the activities of the serum marker enzymes [creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenease (LDH)], a prominent expression of LDH 1 and LDH 2 isoenzymes, increased levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), phospholipids (PL) and atherogenic index and decreased level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were observed in ISO-induced rats.

Antihyperlipidemic effect of Melothria maderaspatana leaf extracts on DOCA-salt induced hypertensive rats.

Objective: To investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of crude ethanolic extract of Melothria maderaspatana (M. maderaspatana) leaf (CEEM) on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats.

Methods: A midscapular incision was made on each rat and the left kidney was excised after ligation of the renal artery.

Effect of ursolic acid treatment on apoptosis and DNA damage in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of ursolic acid (UA) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) (85 mg/kg BW), for two consecutive days. ISO-induced rats showed elevated levels of cardiac troponins T (cTn T) and I (cTn I) and increased activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in serum.

Protective effect of Melothria maderaspatana leaf fraction on electrolytes, catecholamines, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 peptide in uninephrectomized deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats.

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Melothria maderaspatana (EAFM) leaf on electrolytes, catecholamines, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) peptide in uninephrectomized deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Administration of DOCA-salt significantly increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and treatment with EAFM significantly lowered the blood pressure. In DOCA-salt rats, the levels of sodium and chloride increased significantly while potassium level decreased and administration of EAFM brought these parameters to normality.

Antihyperglycemic effect of biochanin A, a soy isoflavone, on streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

The study was designed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of biochanin A on streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 180-200 g, by administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneally. Diabetic rats showed increase in plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and a decrease in plasma insulin and hemoglobin.

Umbelliferone modulates gamma-radiation induced reactive oxygen species generation and subsequent oxidative damage in human blood lymphocytes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant potential of umbelliferone, 7-hydroxy coumarin, and its role in the protection against radiation-induced oxidative damage in cultured human blood lymphocytes. It was found that the antioxidant effect of umbelliferone was dose dependent in hydroxyl (OH(•)), superoxide anion (O(2)(•-)), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical cation (ABTS(•+)) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)) radical scavenging assays. To explore the radioprotective effect of umbelliferone, freshly isolated human blood lymphocytes were treated with 124 μM umbelliferone (optimum dose-fixed by MTT assay) 30 min before 3Gy irradiation.

Pharmacological effect of carvacrol on D: -galactosamine-induced mitochondrial enzymes and DNA damage by single-cell gel electrophoresis.

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of carvacrol on hepatic mitochondrial enzyme activities and DNA damage in D: -galactosamine (D: -GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino Wistar rats. The activities of hepatic mitochondrial enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, NADPH dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase significantly decreased in D: -GalN-hepatotoxic rats, and administration of carvacrol brought these parameters towards normality. In D: -GalN-hepatotoxic rats, the hepatic mitochondrial concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances significantly increased, and administration of carvacrol significantly reduced them towards normality.

Effects of Melothria maderaspatana leaf extract on antioxidant status in sham-operated and uninephrectomized DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.

The present study was designed to investigate the antihypertensive and antioxidant effect of Melothria maderaspatana leaf extract (MME) on sham-operated and DOCA-salt (deoxycorticosterone acetate) induced hypertensive rats. Administration of DOCA-salt significantly increased the systolic (from 127 to 212 mm Hg) and diastolic (from 91 to 174 mm Hg) blood pressure compared to sham-operated control rats, while treatment with MME significantly reduced the systolic (from 212 to 135 mm Hg) and diastolic (from 174 to 96 mm Hg) blood pressure compared to hypertensive control. In DOCA-salt rats, the plasma and tissue concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) significantly increased and administration of MME significantly reduced these parameters towards the levels in sham-operated control.

Antioxidative and hypolipidemic efficacy of alcoholic seed extract of Swietenia macrophylla in streptozotocin diabetic rats.

The present study was designed to examine the antioxidative potential and antihyperlipidemic activity of Swietenia macrophylla in streptozotocin diabetic rats. The experimental groups were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg body weight, BW). Rats with glucose levels >200 mg/dL were considered diabetic and were divided into five groups.