Efficacy of root coverage with the use of the conventional versus laser-assisted flap technique with platelet-rich fibrin in class I and class II gingival recession: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: The coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique is the preferred option in treating recession defects, especially when the attached gingiva is adequate. A laser-assisted vestibular releasing incision after surgery could enhance the outcome. Platelets, when used as adjunctive treatment, have shown good results.

Comparison of efficacy of probiotics versus tetracycline fibers as adjuvants to scaling and root planing.

Context: Both gingivitis and periodontitis are due to the detrimental effects of the microbe-laden biofilm. The mainstay of periodontal treatment is, therefore, the disruption of this biofilm by scaling and root planing (SRP). Other treatment protocols such as systemic antimicrobials have been administered as adjuvants after scaling and root planning.

Efficacy of an herbal antioxidant as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy on procalcitonin levels in smokers with chronic periodontitis.

Context: Smokers are at a higher risk of contracting periodontitis. This association is established and reported in many studies. Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease, wherein smoking is an environmental factor which aggravates the damage caused to the tissues.

Association of CDKN2BAS gene polymorphism with periodontitis and Coronary Artery Disease from South Indian population.

Background: Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory disorder mediated by progressive destruction of the oral cavity is one of the key factors for many systemic disorders including Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The upregulation of CDKN2BAS, a long noncoding RNA gene expression in gingival epithelial cells and gingival fibroblasts of periodontitis shows a strong correlation between the severity of atherosclerosis and PD. Considering the crucial role of CDKN2BAS gene polymorphisms (rs496892 G > A and rs7865618 A > G) and its expression the present study sought to identify the possible association with the disease predisposition in South Indian population.

Comparison of effectiveness of low-dose aspirin versus omega-3 fatty acids as adjuvants to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in Type II diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis.

Context: Periodontitis and diabetes are universally prevalent diseases which are interlinked with each other. Inflammatory products released both by the microorganisms, and the host plays a pivotal role in causing both the diseases. Pentraxins are acute-phase proteins which are often found to be elevated in inflammatory states.

Calcitonin receptor gene polymorphisms at codon 447 in patients with osteoporosis and chronic periodontitis in South Indian population - An observational study.

Context: Chronic periodontitis and osteoporosis are multifactorial diseases which share common risk factors. Interactions between genetic and other factors determine the likely hood of osteoporotic fractures and chronic periodontitis. Calcitonin receptor (CTR) gene polymorphism is one of the important factors which contribute to the development of osteoporosis and chronic periodontitis.

Estimation of Pentraxin 3 and Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis- An Observational Study.

Introduction: Periodontal diseases are inflammatory in nature involving interplay between the bacterial plaque and the micro-organisms, with the response of the host playing a pivotal role in either attenuating or eliminating the disease. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is also a chronic inflammatory disease which shares common risk factors with periodontitis. and Pentraxin 3 (an acute inflammatory protein) have been observed to be associated with both the diseases.

Effect of Autologous Platelet Rich Fibrin in Human Mandibular Molar Grade II Furcation Defects- A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: The Furcation of multirooted teeth is difficult region to gain access for treatment due to their complex anatomy. Modifications have been made in the periodontal instrument armamentarium to facilitate treatment of furcations. Moreover, many new materials have been introduced to attempt regeneration in the furcation defects.

Evaluation of oxidative stress in chronic periodontitis patients following systemic antioxidant supplementation: A clinical and biochemical study.

Context: Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of many systemic diseases including chronic periodontitis. Periodontal pathogen activated neutrophils liberate the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes the destruction of periodontal tissues. Antioxidants modulate the ROS production and inhibit the tissue destruction.

Effect of Alendronate with β - TCP Bone Substitute in Surgical Therapy of Periodontal Intra-Osseous Defects: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Alendronate (ALN), an aminobisphosphonate, inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and also stimulates osteogenesis. Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) is an osteoconductive graft material which provides a scaffold for bone formation and also a widely used drug delivery vehicle for growth factors and antibiotics. Drug delivery vehicles, like β-TCP, improve the potency of the drugs by specific local site delivery of the drug, optimal release characteristics and easy handling.

Mouth: A portal to the body.

Periodontal disease is now increasingly believed to play a significant part in various systemic conditions. Likewise these systemic diseases and their severity have been found to have an impact on the morbidity of periodontal disease. A number of mechanisms specific to such interlink have been proposed and later established in numerous studies.

Gingival squamous cell carcinoma: A diagnostic impediment.

Oral squamous cell carcinomas represent 3% of cancers in men and 2% of cancers in women. More than 90% of oral cancer occurs in people older than 45 years Lesions of gingiva account for approximately 10% of the oral squamous cell carcinomas and may present clinically as an area of ulceration, exophytic mass, or red/white speckled patches. The proximity to the underlying periosteum may invite early bone invasion.

Probiotics and prebiotics in periodontal therapy.

There has been a paradigm shift toward ecological and microbial community-based approach in understanding oral diseases. A marked improvement in gastrointestinal health has been reported after using probiotic bacteria and/or prebiotic supplements,which has prompted much interest in the use of this approach for oral applications. Treatment of periodontal disease in recent years has moved toward an antibiotic/antimicrobial model of disease management.

Osteoporosis: "A risk factor for periodontitis".

Aging is one of the major health challenges today. Most of the diseases related to aging, lead to significantly increased morbidity and mortality and higher public expenditure of funds. The interconnection between socio-economic conditions and social vulnerability is reflected in precarious states of health with prominence of high rates of osteoporosis and periodontal disease.