Humoral and cell-mediated response against SARS-CoV-2 variants elicited by mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 in healthcare workers: a longitudinal observational study.

Objectives: To assess the humoral and cell-mediated response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) elicited by the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine in SARS-CoV-2-experienced and -naive subjects against a reference strain and SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Methods: The humoral response (including neutralizing antibodies) and T-cell-mediated response elicited by BNT162b2 vaccine in 145 healthcare workers (both naive and positive for previous SARS-CoV-2 infection) were evaluated. In a subset of subjects, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 variants on antibody level and cell-mediated response was also investigated.

West Nile or Usutu Virus? A Three-Year Follow-Up of Humoral and Cellular Response in a Group of Asymptomatic Blood Donors.

West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are two related arboviruses (genus , family ), with birds as a reservoir and mosquitoes as transmitting vectors. In recent years, WNV epidemiology changed in many European countries with increased frequency of outbreaks posing the issue of virus transmission risks by blood transfusion. USUV emerged for the first time in birds of the Tuscany region (Italy) in 1996 and in 2001 in Austria.

Dengue Virus-Specific Humoral and T Cellular Immune Response in Italian Residents and Travelers Returning from Endemic Areas.

Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the family , is the causative agent of dengue fever, the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral illness in humans, representing a major public health concern in the tropical countries. Although humoral immunity to DENV has been extensively studied and widely used, little is known about the potential diagnostic use of T cell response for DENV diagnosis. The aim of our study was to characterize the T cell immunity in subjects with acute or past DENV infection, using an original and easy to perform ELISpot assay, and to evaluate the role of cross-reactivity between the four DENV serotypes and between DENV and Zika virus (ZIKV).

Evaluation of EBV- and HCMV-Specific T Cell Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients Using a Normalized Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISPOT) Assay.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a complex etiology. Opportunistic viral pathogens, such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are particularly relevant. The role of the T cell response in SLE has not been deeply studied; we investigated the role of HCMV- and EBV-specific T cell responses in SLE patients also in relation to their pharmacological immunosuppressive status.

Human Cytomegalovirus-Specific Memory CD4+ T-Cell Response and Its Correlation With Virus Transmission to the Fetus in Pregnant Women With Primary Infection.

Background: Primary human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection during pregnancy is the major cause of congenital viral sequelae. The HCMV-specific T-cell response may have a role in the prevention of virus transmission to the fetus.

Methods: HCMV-specific memory T cells were investigated in the second month after primary infection onset in 44 pregnant women (15 transmitting the infection to the fetus) and 8 pregnant women with remote infection.

Memory T cells specific for HBV enumerated by a peptide-based cultured enzyme-linked immunospot assay in healthy HBV-vaccinated subjects.

Hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective strategy to control hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and disease. It is considered that an anti-HBs (antibodies against HBV surface antigen) titer >10 mIU/ml, measured shortly after a complete vaccination schedule, provides protection against infection. Approximately 4-10% of healthy individuals fail to respond to 3-dose vaccination.

Normalizing ELISPOT responses to T-cell counts: a novel approach for quantification of HCMV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common opportunistic virus infection in solid organ transplant recipients. The analysis of HCMV-specific T-cell immunity after organ transplant is of relevant clinical interest.

Objectives: To analyze HCMV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in healthy subjects and kidney transplant recipients (KTR).

Molecular detection of gastrointestinal viral infections in hospitalized patients.

Gastrointestinal viral syndromes are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. Etiological agents include a large number of viruses encompassing several orders, families, and genera. During the period April 2011 to April 2012, 689 stool samples from as many patients hospitalized at the Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo of Pavia exhibiting gastrointestinal syndromes were examined for the presence of rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus, parechovirus, bocavirus, coronavirus, sapovirus, cosavirus, and aichi virus using polymerase chain reaction assays.

Comparison of immunologic and molecular assays for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal viral infections.

The performance of immunochromatographic and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (RIDA®QUICK and RIDASCREEN®, R-Biopharm) was compared with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction techniques for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal viral infections. The sensitivity of the immunologic methods was comparable to polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of rotavirus and astrovirus, while it was reduced for detection of norovirus and adenovirus.