Stressing out-carp edema virus induces stress and modulates immune response in common carp.

Introduction: Carp edema virus (CEV) is a fish poxvirus that primarily infects the gills of common carp. CEV causes koi sleepy disease (KSD), which is highly contagious and can result in mortality of up to 100%.

Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the stress and immune responses during KSD in two strains of common carp with different resistance to CEV: susceptible koi and resistant Amur sazan.

Effects of mifepristone, a model compound with anti-progestogenic activity, on the development of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis).

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a model substance with anti-progestogenic activity on development of African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) from tadpole to juvenile stage. Mifepristone, a synthetic progesterone receptor-blocking steroid hormone used in medicine as an abortifacient, was chosen as a model compound with anti-progestogenic activity. In the experiment, African clawed frog tadpoles were exposed to mifepristone at three concentrations (2, 21, and 215 ng L).

Immune responses in carp strains with different susceptibility to carp edema virus disease.

Carp edema virus disease (CEVD), also known as koi sleepy disease (KSD), represents a serious threat to the carp industry. The expression of immune-related genes to CEV infections could lead to the selection of crucial biomarkers of the development of the disease. The expression of a total of eleven immune-related genes encoding cytokines (IL-1, IL-10, IL-6a, and TNF-2), antiviral response (Mx2), cellular receptors (CD4, CD8b1, and ), immunoglobulin (IgM), and genes encoding-mucins was monitored in gills of four differently KSD-susceptible strains of carp (Amur wild carp, Amur Sasan, AS; Ropsha scaly carp, Rop; Prerov scaly carp, PS; and koi) on days 6 and 11 post-infection.

Estimates of recent and historical effective population size in turbot, seabream, seabass and carp selective breeding programmes.

Background: The high fecundity of fish species allows intense selection to be practised and therefore leads to fast genetic gains. Based on this, numerous selective breeding programmes have been started in Europe in the last decades, but in general, little is known about how the base populations of breeders have been built. Such knowledge is important because base populations can be created from very few individuals, which can lead to small effective population sizes and associated reductions in genetic variability.

Koi sleepy disease as a pathophysiological and immunological consequence of a branchial infection of common carp with carp edema virus.

Gills of fish are involved in respiration, excretion and osmoregulation. Due to numerous interactions between these processes, branchial diseases have serious implications on fish health. Here, "koi sleepy disease" (KSD), caused by carp edema virus (CEV) infection was used to study physiological, immunological and metabolic consequences of a gill disease in fish.

Optimizing Genomic Prediction of Host Resistance to Koi Herpesvirus Disease in Carp.

Genomic selection (GS) is increasingly applied in breeding programs of major aquaculture species, enabling improved prediction accuracy and genetic gain compared to pedigree-based approaches. Koi Herpesvirus disease (KHVD) is notifiable by the World Organization for Animal Health and the European Union, causing major economic losses to carp production. GS has potential to breed carp with improved resistance to KHVD, thereby contributing to disease control.

A novel transcriptome-derived SNPs array for tench (Tinca tinca L.).

Tench (Tinca tinca L.) has great economic potential due to its high rate of fecundity and long-life span. Population genetic studies based on allozymes, microsatellites, PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of genes and DNA fragments have revealed the presence of Eastern and Western phylogroups.

Type I interferon responses of common carp strains with different levels of resistance to koi herpesvirus disease during infection with CyHV-3 or SVCV.

Carp from breeding strains with different genetic background present diverse levels of resistance to viral pathogens. Carp strains of Asian origin, currently being treated as Cyprinus rubrofuscus L., especially Amur wild carp (AS), were proven to be more resistant to koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD; caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3, CyHV-3) than strains originating from Europe and belonging to Cyprinus carpio L.

Mapping and Sequencing of a Significant Quantitative Trait Locus Affecting Resistance to Koi Herpesvirus in Common Carp.

Cyprinids are the most highly produced group of fishes globally, with common carp being one of the most valuable species of the group. Koi herpesvirus (KHV) infections can result in high levels of mortality, causing major economic losses, and is listed as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health. Selective breeding for host resistance has the potential to reduce morbidity and losses due to KHV.

Flavobacteria as secondary pathogens in carp suffering from koi sleepy disease.

Koi sleepy disease (KSD) is a disease with increasing importance in global common carp aquaculture. Despite the fact that carp edema virus (CEV) is most likely the causative agent of KSD, the disease often presents itself as multifactorial with several parasites and bacteria species present on gills, skin or in internal organs. Therefore, in this study, we analysed and presented initial results on an interaction of flavobacteria and CEV in the development of clinical KSD in carp suffering from proliferative gill disease.

Accuracy of Genomic Evaluations of Juvenile Growth Rate in Common Carp () Using Genotyping by Sequencing.

Cyprinids are the most important group of farmed fish globally in terms of production volume, with common carp () being one of the most valuable species of the group. The use of modern selective breeding methods in carp is at a formative stage, implying a large scope for genetic improvement of key production traits. In the current study, a population of 1,425 carp juveniles, originating from a partial factorial cross between 40 sires and 20 dams, was used for investigating the potential of genomic selection (GS) for juvenile growth, an exemplar polygenic production trait.

The genetics of overwintering performance in two-year old common carp and its relation to performance until market size.

Using farmed common carp, we investigated the genetic background of the second year overwintering performance and its relation to the performance during the third growing season and at market size. The experimental stock was established by partial factorial design with a series of 4 factorial matings of 5 dams and 10 sires each. The families were reared communally and pedigree was re-constructed with 93.

Experimental infections of different carp strains with the carp edema virus (CEV) give insights into the infection biology of the virus and indicate possible solutions to problems caused by koi sleepy disease (KSD) in carp aquaculture.

Outbreaks of koi sleepy disease (KSD) caused by carp edema virus (CEV) may seriously affect populations of farmed common carp, one of the most important fish species for global food production. The present study shows further evidence for the involvement of CEV in outbreaks of KSD among carp and koi populations: in a series of infection experiments, CEV from two different genogroups could be transmitted to several strains of naïve common carp via cohabitation with fish infected with CEV. In recipient fish, clinical signs of KSD were induced.

Mitochondrial DNA variation and phylogenetic relationships among five tuna species based on sequencing of D-loop region.

In order to assess the DNA sequence variation and phylogenetic relationship among five tuna species (Auxis thazard, Euthynnus affinis, Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus tonggol, and T. albacares) out of all four tuna genera, partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region were analyzed. The estimate of intra-specific sequence variation in studied species was low, ranging from 0.

The progestin levonorgestrel disrupts gonadotropin expression and sex steroid levels in pubertal roach (Rutilus rutilus).

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the synthetic progestin levonorgestrel (LNG) on the reproductive endocrine system of a teleost fish, the roach (Rutilus rutilus). Pubertal roach were exposed for 28 days in a flow-through system to four concentrations of LNG (3, 31, 312, and 3124 ng/l). Both males and females treated with 3124 ng/l LNG exhibited the upregulated levels of vitellogenin and oestrogen receptor 1 mRNA in the liver.

Teleost maturation-inducing hormone, 17,20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, peaks after spawning in Tinca tinca.

During an eight month study of the reproductive cycle in two age groups, and in both sexes, of tench (Tinca tinca L.), it was found that plasma concentrations of the presumptive 'maturation inducing hormone (MIH)' 17,20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (17,20β-P) did not reach a peak during the spawning season, but as much as two months after spawning had ceased. The cessation of the spawning season was confirmed by histological examination of the gonads and by measurement of 11-ketotestosterone and 17β-estradiol in the plasma of males and females, respectively.

Cryopreservation of tench, Tinca tinca, sperm: Sperm motility and hatching success of embryos.

The aim of the present study was to elaborate cryopreservation methods for ex situ conservation of tench. Success of cryopreservation was tested during two series of experiments. The first set of experiments studied the effects of two types of cryoprotectants (DMSO and a combination of DMSO with propanediol at ratio 1:1) at concentrations of 8 and 10% and three different equilibration times in two different immobilization solutions (IS) (Kurokura 180 and Kurokura) before freezing (0.

Spermatozoal competition in common carp (Cyprinus carpio): what is the primary determinant of competition success?

The percentage of sperm motility (92-100%), spermatozoan velocity (112-163 microm.s(-1)) and control hatching rates (83-96%) were evaluated for each of six gold and five green male common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In all 30 possible paired combinations of sperm-competition tests, hatching rates of 90-97% were achieved.

Cryopreservation of European catfish Silurus glanis sperm: sperm motility, viability, and hatching success of embryos.

The aim of this study was to elaborate cryopreservation methods for ex situ conservation of European catfish. The success of sperm cryopreservation was evaluated by post-thaw sperm motility and velocity, percentage of live spermatozoa and fertility (hatching rates) using frozen/thawed sperm. The best hatching rates of 82-86% were obtained with sperm stored for 5 h before freezing in immobilizing solution and frozen with Me2SO in concentrations of 8, 10, and 12%, or with a mixture of 5% Me2SO and 5% propandiole.