Sharing Genomic Tumor Sequencing Results With Patients: Experiences of Advanced Practice Oncology Providers.

Background: Patients with cancer routinely undergo genomic tumor sequencing, a component of molecular profiling (MP), to better characterize their cancer and identify potential targetable alterations. Targeted treatments potentially confer higher response rates and better efficacy. With increasing complexity, patients may require detailed explanations of MP results.

Palliative Care in Rural Communities.

Rural communities in the United States are frequently marginalized and misrepresented. These communities face unique challenges, such as limited access to health care, nutritious food, and clean water, that contribute to persistent health disparities. This article presents the CARE (Complex, Access, Resourceful, Extraordinary) framework, which illustrates the dichotomy of rurality-its negative and positive aspects-in order to inform the development of palliative care delivery in rural settings.

Rural Appalachian Adolescent Alcohol Misuse and the Triple Threat for Marginalization.

Rural Appalachian adolescents are disproportionately affected by alcohol misuse, depression, and mortality rates. Disparities in Appalachia influence national health indicators and the social determinants of health, which may lead to marginalization and vulnerability to poorer health outcomes. Geographic and social isolation often results in missed opportunities for preventative and mental health care.

A Rapid Review of Uses and Outcomes of Telehealth Care in Rural and Remote Regions in the United States.

As telehealth expands and becomes an increasingly important provision of palliative care and hospice services, the understanding of the uses and outcomes of this care delivery platform in rural communities is warranted. This rapid review aims to highlight the practice, policy, and research implications of telehealth in rural regions. Using a systematic approach for accessing and synthesizing available publications, this review included 22 articles published between January 2020 and January 2023.

Cultural Marginalization and Mental Health.

Cultural marginalization refers to the process of being on the fringe of two distinct cultures. Culture represents the values, beliefs, knowledge, and norms that are common to a group of people. Globalization contributes to an increasingly diverse population and leads to frequent interaction, collaboration, and sharing of space between various cultures.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Social Determinants of Health: A Case of Marginalization in Rural Appalachia.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains a challenging epidemic across the United States. This serious illness impacts nearly twice as many individuals in the rural area compared with urban counterparts. As the disease progresses, the symptom burden and needs of the patient and caregivers escalate.

A mixed-methods study of coping and depression in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background And Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex metabolic disorder associated with clinical manifestations that could be psychologically distressing to adolescent girls considering the concern of body image during the developmental stage of adolescence. Poor psychological functioning is related to increased mortality, higher health care costs, and negative health outcomes. Coping has been identified as impacting health and adaptation to illness; therefore, the purpose was to examine coping and depression in adolescent girls with PCOS.

Outcomes of childbearing Medicaid beneficiaries engaged in care at Strong Start birth center sites between 2012 and 2014.

Background: Variations in care for pregnant women have been reported to affect pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: This study examined data for all 3136 Medicaid beneficiaries enrolled at American Association of Birth Centers (AABC) Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Strong Start sites who gave birth between 2012 and 2014. Using the AABC Perinatal Data Registry, descriptive statistics were used to evaluate socio-behavioral and medical risks, and core perinatal quality outcomes.

Use of antihistamines and risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia: a nested case-control study in five European countries from the ARITMO project.

Purpose: After regulatory restrictions for terfenadine and astemizole in '90s, only scarce evidence on proarrhythmic potential of antihistamines has been published. We evaluate the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VA) related to the use of individual antihistamines.

Methods: A matched case-control study nested in a cohort of new users of antihistamines was conducted within the EU-funded ARITMO project.

Pattern of drug use among preterm neonates: results from an Italian neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: Drug use in preterm neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) has been investigated, so far, in terms of unauthorized or off-label use; very little is known on the use of combinations of different active substances, which is frequently required in this population (prophylaxis of infections, treatment of concomitant diseases). The aim of this study was to describe the most common patterns of drug use in an Italian NICU, focusing on those with nephrotoxic potential.

Methods: Medical records of preterm neonates (<37 weeks of gestational age) weighing less than 1,500 g at birth and admitted to an Italian NICU were scrutinized in a 3-year retrospective investigation.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and heart failure: Analysis of spontaneous reports submitted to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Background And Aims: We tested the possible association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4-I) use and heart failure (HF) occurrence by assessing the publicly available US-FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods: FAERS data reporting HF and DPP-4-Is use in the period from the fourth quarter of 2006 through 2013 were extracted, using the Standardized MedDRA Query "Cardiac failure". Disproportionality (case/non-case method) was implemented by calculating Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI): (1) exploratory analysis on the entire FAERS (using rosiglitazone as positive control); (2) consolidated analyses by therapeutic area (within antidiabetics), correcting for event- and drug-related competition bias and adjusting for co-reported drugs as confounders.

Appropriateness of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) prescription in patients admitted to hospital: Attitudes of general practitioners and hospital physicians in Italy.

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prescriptions have raised concern for both huge increase of health expenditure and possible long-term adverse effects.

Objective: To evaluate appropriateness of PPI prescription in ambulatory and hospital care.

Design: Observational cohort study.

The Intersection of Partner Violence and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Implications for Research and Clinical Practice.

Violence against women continues to be a serious public health issue afflicting women worldwide. The intersection of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and intimate partner violence is detrimental to a woman's well-being. This review aims to identify the types of ACEs reported by women who also report partner violence and the subsequent negative impact of this combination of experiences on the women's health.

The Contribution of National Spontaneous Reporting Systems to Detect Signals of Torsadogenicity: Issues Emerging from the ARITMO Project.

Introduction: Spontaneous reporting systems (SRSs) are pivotal for signal detection, especially for rare events with a high drug-attributable component, such as torsade de pointes (TdP). Use of different national SRSs is rarely attempted because of inherent difficulties, but should be considered on the assumption that rare events are diluted in international databases.

Objective: The aim was to describe TdP-related events associated with antipsychotics, H1-antihistamines and anti-infectives in three national SRSs (in Italy, Germany and France) and highlight potential signals of torsadogenicity through a combined literature evaluation.

Switching among Equivalents in Chronic Cardiovascular Therapies: 'Real World' Data from Italy.

Since August 2012, Italian general practitioners are required to prescribe the generic name of medicines, except for refill of chronic therapy. We evaluated the extent of switching among equivalents in chronic cardiovascular therapies, the influence of the 2012 regulatory intervention and of patient-related or drug-related factors. Prescriptions of off-patent anti-arrhythmics, oral antidiabetics and ACE inhibitors dispensed from August 2011 to August 2013 within the Bologna Local Health Authority (870,000 inhabitants) was collected.

Social and clinical descriptors of antipsychotic prescription.

Objective: To identify descriptors of Antipsychotic (AP) prescription, focusing on second generation antipsychotics (SGAs), polypharmacy, and long-acting injections (LAIs).

Methods: Outpatients of the Bologna-Community-Mental-Health-Centres with at least one AP prescription were selected. Patients' characteristics, service utilization, and AP prescriptions were collected from administrative databases.

Pro-arrhythmic potential of oral antihistamines (H1): combining adverse event reports with drug utilization data across Europe.

Background: There is appreciable utilisation of antihistamines (H1) in European countries, either prescribed by physician and purchased by patients for self-medication. Terfenadine and astemizole underwent regulatory restrictions in '90 because of their cardiac toxicity, but only scarce clinical data are available on other antihistamines.

Aim: To investigate the pro-arrhythmic potential of antihistamines by combining safety reports of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) with drug utilization data from 13 European Countries.

Caring for women globally: psychometric testing of two instruments translated into five languages for use in cardiovascular recovery.

Among women, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. After experiencing an acute cardiovascular event, a woman's physical health, the prevalence of morbidities, likelihood of being treated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery, likelihood for referral for cardiac rehabilitation are less favourable than men. The social support resources of marginality and religiousness are associated with physical and mental health outcomes following cardiovascular crises.

Liver injury with novel oral anticoagulants: assessing post-marketing reports in the US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system.

Aim: We assessed the hepatic safety of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) analyzing the publicly available US-FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).

Methods: We extracted reports of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) associated with NOACs, including acute liver failure (ALF) events. Based on US marketing authorizations, we performed disproportionality analyses, calculating reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI), also to test for event- and drug-related competition bias, and case-by-case evaluation for concomitant medications.

The simulated hospital environment: a qualitative study applying space industry techniques.

Patterned after the integrated simulation approach utilized in the space industry, we report results of an innovative simulation in nursing, a 96-hour continuous simulated hospital environment. Training objectives for our study emphasized the integrative and critical thinking skills needed by new graduate nurses. The purpose of this study was to determine the process for development and the experience of participating in a simulated hospital environment.

Problem-solving and mental health outcomes of women and children in the wake of intimate partner violence.

The environmental stress of intimate partner violence is common and often results in mental health problems of depression, anxiety, and PTSD for women and behavioral dysfunctions for their children. Problem-solving skills can serve to mitigate or accentuate the environmental stress of violence and associated impact on mental health. To better understand the relationship between problem-solving skills and mental health of abused women with children, a cross-sectional predictive analysis of 285 abused women who used justice or shelter services was completed.

Women's functioning following an intervention for partner violence: new knowledge for clinical practice from a 7-year study.

Intimate partner violence affects one in three women worldwide, with women who experience violence almost twice as likely to experience poor mental health, especially depression, compared with women who are not abused. To learn the impact of interventions of safe shelter and justice services on improved mental health and behavior functioning, 300 abused women are interviewed every 4 months in a 7-year prospective study. For this paper, abuse, mental health and resiliency status of these women, 1 year after accessing services for the first time, are reported.

Assessing liver injury associated with antimycotics: Concise literature review and clues from data mining of the FAERS database.

Aim: To inform clinicians on the level of hepatotoxic risk among antimycotics in the post-marketing setting, following the marketing suspension of oral ketoconazole for drug-induced liver injury (DILI).

Methods: The publicly available international FAERS database (2004-2011) was used to extract DILI cases (including acute liver failure events), where antimycotics with systemic use or potential systemic absorption were reported as suspect or interacting agents. The reporting pattern was analyzed by calculating the reporting odds ratio and corresponding 95%CI, a measure of disproportionality, with time-trend analysis where appropriate.

Use of phytoestrogens and effects perceived by postmenopausal women: result of a questionnaire-based survey.

Background: Use of food supplements-containing phytoestrogens among postmenopausal women is rapidly increasing. Although phytoestrogens are often perceived as safe, evidence for overall positive risk-benefit profile is still inconclusive. The chance to buy them by user's initiative does not facilitate surveys on their prevalence and pattern of use.

Effect of abuse during pregnancy on maternal and child safety and functioning for 24 months after delivery.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term safety and functioning outcomes for abused women reporting abuse during pregnancy and their children's behavior compared with abused women who do not report abuse during pregnancy.

Methods: Forty-six abused women seeking assistance for partner abuse and reporting being pregnant during the preceding 4 months were evaluated every 4 months for 24 months to compare levels of abuse, danger for murder, anxiety, depression, somatization, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for abused women who report abuse during pregnancy (n=24) compared with abused women reporting abuse only outside of pregnancy (n=22). Internalizing and externalizing behavior scores were evaluated for the children.