Metabolite concentrations and the expression profiles of the corresponding metabolic pathway genes in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) fruits of contrasting colors.

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) ranks fifth in importance among vegetable crops of the Solanaceae family, in part due to the high antioxidant properties and polyphenol content of the fruit. Along with the popular purple-fruited varieties of S.

Circadian Regulation of Expression of Carotenoid Metabolism Genes (PSY2, LCYE, CrtRB1, and NCED1) in Leaves of Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L.

The circadian dynamics of the expression of key genes of carotenoid metabolism (PSY2, LCYE, CrtRB1, and NCED1) in the photosynthetic tissue of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. (cultivar Korneevsky) plants was characterized. An in silico analysis of the gene expression pattern was carried out and a high level of their transcripts was detected in the leaf tissue.

Potato Solanum tuberosum L. Phytoene Synthase Genes (StPSY1, StPSY2, and StPSY3) Are Involved in the Plant Response to Cold Stress.

The structure and phylogeny of the Solanum tuberosum L. phytoene synthase genes StPSY1, StPSY2, and StPSY3 were characterized. Their expression was studied in potato seedlings exposed to cold stress in the dark phase of the diurnal cycle to simulate night cooling.

5'-UTR allelic variants and expression of the lycopene-É›-cyclase LCYE gene in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines of Russian selection.

In breeding, biofortification is aimed at enriching the edible parts of the plant with micronutrients. Within the framework of this strategy, molecular screening of collections of various crops makes it possible to determine allelic variants of genes, new alleles, and the linkage of allelic variants with morphophysiological traits. The maize (Zea mays L.

Expression Levels of Flowering Time Genes (CONZ1, GIGZ1A, GIGZ1B, FKF1A, and FKF1B) in Seedlings under Long-Day Conditions Differentiates Early and Late Zea mays L. Lines.

Phenophase durations, including the timing of flowering and ripeness, were characterized in 20 inbred lines of the maize Zea mays L. Expression of key flowering initiation genes (CONZ1, GIGZ1a, GIGZ1b, ZmFKF1a, and ZmFKF1b) under long-photoperiod conditions was studied in seedlings of six maize lines that differed in ripeness time. Significantly lower transcription levels of all of the five genes were found in early-ripening lines compared with late-ripening lines.

and Genes in Garlic ( L.): Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Stress Response.

Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors (TFs) of the A1 and A2 subfamilies involved in plant stress responses have not yet been reported in species. In this study, we used bioinformatics and comparative transcriptomics to identify and characterize A1 and A2 genes redundant in garlic ( L.) and analyze their expression in cultivars differing in the sensitivity to cold and infection.

Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Response to Infection of the Gene Family in Garlic ( L.).

Proteins of the SWEET (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) family play an important role in plant development, adaptation, and stress response by functioning as transmembrane uniporters of soluble sugars. However, the information on the SWEET family in the plants of the genus, which includes many crop species, is lacking. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of garlic ( L.

Functional Diversification of the Carotenoid-cis-trans-Isomerases CrtISO, CrtISO-L1, and CrtISO-L2 in Tomato Species (Solanum, Section Lycopersicon).

The expression of the genes of carotenoid-cis-trans-isomerases CrtISO, CrtISO-L1, and CrtISO-L2 was studied in comparison with the content of carotenoids in tomato species with different ripe fruit colors: green (Solanum habrochaites), yellow (S. cheesmaniae), and red (S. pimpinellifolium and S.

Gene in Maize ( L.): Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, Expression, and Stress Response.

Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors of the A2 subfamily play key roles in plant stress responses. In this study, we identified and characterized a new A2-type gene, , in the cv. B73 genome and compared its expression profile with those of the known A2-type maize genes .

Dependence of the content of starch and reducing sugars on the level of expression of the genes of β-amylases StBAM1 and StBAM9 and the amylase inhibitor StAI during long-term low-temperature storage of potato tubers.

Solanum tuberosum L. is the most important non-grain starch crop with a potential yield of 38-48 t/ha and a starch content of 13.2-18.

() Genes in Garlic ( L.): Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression in Response to Infection.

Plant antifungal proteins include the pathogenesis-related (PR)-5 family of fungi- and other stress-responsive thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs). However, the information on the TLPs of garlic ( L.), which is often infected with soil fungi, is very limited.

Characterization of 15--ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation.

Isomerization of 9,15,9'-tri--ζ-carotene mediated by 15--ζ-carotene isomerase Z-ISO is a critical step in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which define fruit color. The tomato clade ( section Lycopersicon) comprises the cultivated tomato () and 12 related wild species differing in fruit color and, thus, represents a good model for studying carotenogenesis in fleshy fruit. In this study, we identified homologous genes, including 5'-UTRs and promoter regions, in 12 cultivars and 5 wild tomato species (red-fruited , yellow-fruited , and green-fruited , , and ).

Analysis of the structure and function of the tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. MADS-box gene SlMADS5.

At all stages of f lowering, a decisive role is played by the family of MADS-domain transcription factors, the combinatorial action of which is described by the ABCDE-model of f lower development. The current volume of data suggests a high conservatism of ABCDE genes in angiosperms. The E-proteins SEPALLATA are the central hub of the MADS-complexes, which determine the identity of the f loral organs.

Characterization of Isoforms and Their Expression in Tomato Fruit Ripening.

Ripening of tomato fleshy fruit is coordinated by transcription factor RIN, which triggers ethylene and carotenoid biosynthesis, sugar accumulation, and cell wall modifications. In this study, we identified and characterized complete sequences of the chromosomal locus in two tomato cultivars, its genotype, and three wild green-fruited species differing in fruit color and composition. The results reveal that .

Pathogenesis-Related Genes of PR1, PR2, PR4, and PR5 Families Are Involved in the Response to Infection in Garlic ( L.).

Plants of the genus developed a diversity of defense mechanisms against pathogenic fungi of the genus , including transcriptional activation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. However, the information on the regulation of PR factors in garlic ( L.) is limited.

× Transcriptome Profiling Reveals a Similarity Between the Evolutionary Origins of Carnivorous Traps and Floral Organs.

The emergence of the carnivory syndrome and traps in plants is one of the most intriguing questions in evolutionary biology. In the present study, we addressed it by comparative transcriptomics analysis of leaves and leaf-derived pitcher traps from a predatory plant × . Pitchers were collected at three stages of development and a total of 12 transcriptomes were sequenced and assembled .

Chromosome and Molecular Analyses Reveal Significant Karyotype Diversity and Provide New Evidence on the Origin of .

Zhuk. is tetraploid grass species (2n = 4x = 28, UUXX) closely related to and growing in Western Asia and a western part of the Fertile Crescent. Genetic diversity of was assessed using C-banding, FISH, nuclear and chloroplast (cp) DNA analyses, and gliadin electrophoresis.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression of Chitinase Class I Genes in Garlic ( L.) Cultivars Resistant and Susceptible to .

Vegetables of the genus are prone to infection by fungi. Chitinases of the GH19 family are pathogenesis-related proteins inhibiting fungal growth through the hydrolysis of cell wall chitin; however, the information on garlic ( L.) chitinases is limited.

Structural and functional features of phytoene synthase isoforms PSY1 and PSY2 in pepper Capsicum annuum L. cultivars.

The fruits of various pepper cultivars are characterized by a different color, which is determined by the pigment ratio; carotenoids dominate in ripe fruits, while chlorophylls, in immature fruits. A key regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis is the phytoene synthase encoded by the PSY gene. The Capsicum annuum genome contains two isoforms of this enzyme, localized in leaf (PSY2) and fruit (PSY1) plastids.

Variability and Phylogeny of the Pepper Phytoene Synthase Paralogs PSY1 and PSY2 in Species of Various Capsicum Complexes.

Genes homologous to PSY1 and PSY2 that encode phytoene synthase isoforms in Capsicum species C. baccatum, C. chinense, C.

Differential Regulation of Phytoene Synthase PSY1 During Fruit Carotenogenesis in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species ( section Lycopersicon).

In plants, carotenoids define fruit pigmentation and are involved in the processes of photo-oxidative stress defense and phytohormone production; a key enzyme responsible for carotene synthesis in fruit is phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1). Tomatoes ( section Lycopersicon) comprise cultivated () as well as wild species with different fruit color and are a good model to study carotenogenesis in fleshy fruit. In this study, we identified homologous genes in five section Lycopersicon species, including domesticated red-fruited and wild yellow-fruited and green-fruited , and .

Structural and Functional Diversification of SEPALLATA Genes TM5 and RIN in Tomato Species (Section Lycopersicon).

New TOMATO MADS 5 (TM5) homologous genes were identified in evolutionarily recent, red-fruited and more ancient, wild green-fruited tomato species. It was shown that the identified TM5 homologs belong to the SEPALLATA3 clade; thus, the SEP subfamily diversification was characterized. For the first time, the TM5 and RIN co-expression pattern was determined in flowers, immature green fruits, and ripe fruits of Solanum lycopersicum and in five wild tomato species.

The expression pattern of the Pho1a genes encoding plastidic starch phosphorylase correlates with the degradation of starch during fruit ripening in green-fruited and red-fruited tomato species.

Genes encoding plastidic starch phosphorylase Pho1a were identified in 10 tomato species (Solanum section Lycopersicon). Pho1a genes showed higher variability in green-fruited than in red-fruited tomato species, but had an extremely low polymorphism level compared with other carbohydrate metabolism genes and an unusually low ratio of intron to exon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In red-fruited species, Pho1a was expressed in all analysed tissues, including fruit at different developmental stages, with the highest level in mature green fruit, which is strong sink organ importing sucrose and accumulating starch.

Plastid Genomes of Carnivorous Plants and × Reveal Evolutionary Patterns Resembling Those Observed in Parasitic Plants.

Carnivorous plants have the ability to capture and digest small animals as a source of additional nutrients, which allows them to grow in nutrient-poor habitats. Here we report the complete sequences of the plastid genomes of two carnivorous plants of the order Caryophyllales, and × . The plastome of is repeat-rich and highly rearranged.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of leek L. (Amaryllidaceae).

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of was determined by Illumina single-end sequencing. The complete plastid genome was 152,732 bp in length containing a large single copy (LSC) of 81,744 bp and a small single copy (SSC) of 17,910 bp, which were separated by a pair of 26,524 bp inverted repeats (IRs). A total of 133 genes were annotated, including 80 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 7 pseudogenes.